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| Questão | Responda |
| What is an active site? | The site on the enzyme where the reactants bind. |
| What is an algal cell? | Single or multicellulr organism that can photosynthesise, but is not a plant. |
| What is an allele? | A version of a particular gene |
| What are amino acids? | The building blocks of protein. |
| What is amalayse? | An enzyme made in the pacreas and salivary gland which is used to break starch down into glucose. |
| What is a bacterial colony? | A population of billionsof bacteria grown in culture. |
| What is bile? | A liquid made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder which is released into the small intestine to neutralise acids. |
| What is biological detergent? | Washing detergents that contain enzymes. |
| What is carbohydrase? | An enyme which speeds up the breaking up of carbohydrates. |
| What is a carrier? | An individual who is hetrozygous for a faulty allele that causes a disease in a homozygous form. |
| What is a catalyst? | A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction. It is never used up. |
| What is a cell membrane? | The membrane around a cell that controls what comes in and out of the cell. |
| What is a cell wall? | A rigid structure which surrounds the cells of living organisms apart from animals. |
| What is cellulose? | A big carbohydrate molecule which makes up plant and algal cell walls. |
| What is chlorophyll? | The green pigment contained in chloroplasts. |
| What is a chloroplast? | The organelles in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| What is a concentration gradient? | The gradient between an area where a substance is at high concentration and an area where it is at low concentration. |
| What is cystic fibrosis? | A genetic disease which affects the lungs, disgestive and reproductive systems. It is inherited through a recessive allele. |
| What is cytoplasm? | The water-based gel in which organelles of all living cells are suspended. |
| Define the term "Denature". | A change in the shape of an enzyme so that it can no longer speed up a reaction. |
| Define the term "Differentiate". | What a cell become specialised for a particular function. |
| What is diffusion? | The net movement of particles of a gas from an area of high concentraion to an area of low concentration. |
| What is digestion? | Breaking down molecules into smaller molecules by digestive enzymes. |
| What are digestive juices? | The mixture of enzymes and other chemicals produced bythe digestive system. |
| What is the digestive system? | The organ system running from the mouth to the anus where food is digested. |
| What is a DNA fingerprint? | The pattern produced by analysing the DNA which can be used to indentify an individual. |
| Define the term "Dominant". | The characteristic that will show up in the offspring even if only one of the alleles is inherited. |
| What is an enzyme? | A protein molecule which acts as a biological catalyst. |
| What is epidermal tissue? | The tissue that makes up the outer layer of an organism. |
| What is epithelial tissue? | Tissue made of relatively unspecialised cells that line tubes and organs in the body. |
| What is extinction? | The permanent loss of all members of a species. |
| What are fatty acids? | The building blocks of lipids. |
| What is fructose syrup? | A sugar syrup. |
| Define the term "Genetic disorder". | A disease which is inherited. |
| What is genetic material? | The DNA which carries out the instructions for making a new cell or a new individual. |
| What is geographical isolation? | When two populations become physically isolated by a geographical feature. |
| What is glandular tissue? | The tissue which makes up glands and secretes chemicals e.g. enzymes, hormones. |
| What is glucose? | A simple sugar. |
| What is a flagellum? | A tail that some bacterial cells have. |
| What is glycerol? | The building blocks of lipids (along with fatty acids). |
| What is glycogen? | Carbohydrate store in animals, just as starch is a glucose store in plants. |
| What is an insoluble molecule? | A particle that cannot be dissolved in a particular solvent such as water. |
| What is isomerase? | An enzyme that converts one form of molecule into another. |
| What is lactic acid? | One product of anaerobic resperation. It builds up in muscles with excersise. |
| What is light energy? | Energy in the form of light. |
| What are limiting factors? | Factors which limit the rate of a reaction e.g temperature, CO2 and light intensity (photosynthesis). |
| What is lipase? | The enzyme that breaks lipids down into fatty acids and glycerol. |
| What is a lipid? | An oil or fat. |
| What is meisosis? | The two stage proccess of cell division which reduces the chromosome number of the daughter cells. It is involved in making gametes for sexual reproduction. |
| What is mesophyll tissue? | Tissue in a green plant that where photosynthesis takes place. |
| What is a mineral ion? | A chemical needed in small amounts as part of a balanced diet to keep the body healthy. |
| What are mitochondria? | The site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell. |
| What is mitosis? | Asexual cell division where two cells are formed. |
| What is a multicellular organism? | An organism which is made up of different cells which work together. Some cells are specialised for a particular funtion. |
| What is muscle tissue? | The tissue which makes up the muscles. It can contract and relax. |
| Define the term "Net movement". | The overall movement of something. |
| What is a nitrate ion? | An ion which is needed by plants to make protein. |
| What is a nucleus? | An organelle found in many cells containing the genetic information. |
| What is an organ system? | A group of organs working together to carry out a particular function. |
| What are ova? | The female sex cells, eggs. |
| What is oxygen debt? | The oxygen that must be taken into the body after exercise has stopped to complete the aerobic resperation of lactic acid. |
| What is a permanent vacuole? | A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap that is there all the time. |
| What is a phloem? | The living transport tissue in plants which carries sugars around the plant. |
| What is polydactyly? | A genetic condition inherited through a dominant allele that results in extra fingers and toes. |
| What is a predetor? | An animal that preys on other animals for food. |
| What is protease? | An enzyme that breaks down protein. |
| What is protein synthesis? | The process by which proteins are made in the ribosomes based on information from the genes in the nucleus. |
| What is a quadrat? | A piece of apparatus for sampling organisms in the field. |
| What is quantative sampling? | Sampling which records the number of organisms rather than just the type. |
| Define the term "Recessive". | The characteristic that will show up in the offspring only if both of the alleles are inherited. |
| What is a ribosome? | An organelle in which protein synthesis takes place. |
| What is a salivary gland? | A gland in the mouth that produces saliva containing the enzyme amalayse. |
| What is a sample size? | The size of a sample in an investigation. |
| What is a sex chromosome? | A chromosome that carries information about the sex of an individual. |
| What is the small intestine? | The region of the digestive system where most of the digestion of food takes place. |
| Define the term "Specialised". | Adapted for a particular function. |
| What is speciation? | The formation of a new species once successful interbreeding with other population cannot take place. |
| What is a stem cell? | An undifferentiated cell with the potential to become a wide variety of cells. |
| What is a substrate? | The material or chemical on which the enzyme works. |
| What is a transect? | A measured line or area along which ecological mesurements (e.g. quadrats) are made. |
| Define the term "Variegated". | Having different colours e.g. a green and white leaf. |
| What is a xylem? | The non-living transport tissue in plants, which transports water around the plant. |
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