761852
| Questão | Responda |
| When did the British make Delhi the capital city? | In 1911 when the British chose to rule India from Delhi instead of Calcutta. |
| What was the role of the Viceroy in India? | The Viceroy was appointed by the British government and sent out to govern India as the personal representative of the monarch. |
| What was the role of the Secretary of State for India, in Britain? | The Secretary of State was apppoinnted by the government and was responsible for government policy towards the sub-continent. Like the Viceroy, he was answerable to Parliament. |
| Who aided the Secretary of State? | The Secretary of State was advised, guided and checked by the Council of India. This council consisted of 15 men, none of them Indian although most had some experience of living and working in India. |
| Why was there friction between the Viceroy and Secretary of State? | The Viceroy was subordinate to the Secretary of State yet was often better informed as he had to consider Indian opinion and the views of the British in India. Whereas, the Secretary of State faced a parliamentary audience and a Treasury that wanted to balance Britain's books. |
| Why did the reactions of the British government to Indian affairs become sources of political disquiet in India? | Indian people became more literate and sensitive. As more Indians gained an education, political aspirations began to develop. |
| When was Curzon Viceroy of India? | 1898-1905 |
| What new province did Curzon create in 1901? | The North-West Frontier |
| How did Curzon try to improve India? | He increased the railway network by 6,000 miles, he increased the area of irrigated land by 3 million hectares, he established a new department of agriculture and he appointed a director-general of archaeology resposible for the preservation of India's cultural past, e.g. the Taj Mahal. |
| When did the Partition of Bengal occur? | 1905 |
| Why did Curzon partition Bengal? | To make Bengal easier to administer and control. |
| Which new province was majority Hindu and which was majority Muslim? | Eastern Bengal = dominated by Muslims. Western Bengal = dominated by Hindus. |
| What was the Hindu reaction to the Partition of Bengal? | They opposed it as it created a Mulsim dominated province. |
| What was the Muslim reaction to the Partition of Bengal? | They supported it as it gave them the majority at least in one of the new provinces. |
| How did India protest to the Partition of Bengal? | 1) Newspaper articles and letters 2) Swadesh (a boycott of British goods) 3) Terrorism - there was an increase in terrorist activity in Bengal which spread to London. |
| Why did Curzon resign as Viceroy in 1905? | As a result of an ongoing row with Lord Kitchener, his military commander-in-chief, about the military and civil control of India. |
| What was the Indian Civil Service responsible for? | The administration of India. |
| How was the ICS structured? | It was an hierarchical structure, ranging from the Crown down to the humblest local official. |
| How could Indians work for the British in India? | As policemen, lawyers and soldiers although there were always British officers and officials above them. |
| How much control did Indian Princes have over their states? | Treaties between the British and the rulers of the princely states allowed each state to keep its own laws, languages, holidays, ministers and ruler but each state was under the 'protection' of Britain. Therefore, the British made the final decisions for each state. |
| What did the 1861 Indian Councils' Act permit? | It reorganised the Legislative Council which advised the Viceroy and his provincial governors. It also allowed for provincial legislative councils to be set up but members for these councils were chosen by government. These provincial councils played an advisory role and could not enact legislation. |
| What was the Indian National Congress and when was it founded? | It was founded in 1885 as an all-India, secular political party but it quickly became identified with the majority Hindus. Initially it regarded the British Raj as a good thing for India. |
| What did the 1892 Indian Councils' Act do? | It increase the number of Indians on local councils, however the majority of people on the councils were still officials of the Raj. |
| What did the exercise of British power depend on? | The co-operation of the Indian people. |
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