The Challenge of an Urban World

Questão	Responda
Urbanisation	An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas
Industrialisation	When secondary industry starts to develop in a place
Urban	A built up area such as a town or city
Rural	Area where countryside dominates
Megacity	City with 10 million or more residents
Hub	An area where lots of important businesses are located, making it important in a country's money making potential
Migration (rural to urban)	Movement from countryside to a built up area
Natural increase	The way a cities population grows as a result of people having children
3 factors that cause urbanisation in an MEDC	-Late 18th and 19th centuries (industrial revolution) -Industrialisation attracting millions of workers to the new factories and cities -(See Clark Fisher model)
6 factors that cause urbanisation in an LEDC	Rapid pop growth, land ownership issues, modernised agriculture (lack of jobs=migration), commercial agriculture (families displaced=migration), decline of traditional village jobs, flooding (crops destroyed=migration)
How is urbanisation different in MEDCs and LEDCs?	MEDCs re-urbanise due to better housing and cities but LEDCs urbanise due to desperately trying to find work and a better life
Name 4 fast growing cities	Lagos (Nigeria), Sao Paulo (Brazil), Bombay/Mumbai (India) and Tokyo (Japan)
Name 2 slow growing cities	New York (U.S.A) and London (England)
Millionaire cities	Cities with over 1 million inhabitants
Megacities	Cities with over 10 million inhabitants
World cities	Cities which have a major impact on world events. Often major financial/media centres
2 bad things about megacities	Losing culture and overcrowded
What is the population and area of Shanghai?	23 million and 6300km2
What is the population and area of Mumbai?	21 million and 4300km2
What is the population and area of Lagos?	10 million and 1000km2
What is the population and area of Sao Paulo?	20 million and 8000km2
What is the population and area of Los Angeles?	13 million and 12500km2
Name two contrasting megacities	Mumbai and L.A
Difference in population	Mumbai - 21 million and L.A - 13 million
Difference in population growth a year	Mumbai - 2.9% and L.A - 1.1%
Percentage of Mumbai's pop that are living in poverty	60%
Name some jobs in informal economy (where most of Mumbai's population works)	Services (banking), manufacturing (textiles), construction and entertainment (Bollywood)
Where do most of L.As pop work and give 3 examples	Mostly formal: trade (ports), entertainment (Hollywood) and aerospace
Informal economy	Jobs that have little/no job security with no tax paid (e.g. street trading)
Formal economy	Refers to jobs with contracts of employment and more job security and tax is paid
What are the five rings of the Burgess Model used to track the spatial growth of an MEDC megacity?	CBD, inner city, inner suburbs, outer suburbs and the rural/urban fringe
What are the 2 similarities between the two models for MDC and LDC?	CBD is in the middle and cheaper housing is near the centre
What are the 2 differences?	Poor people live round the edge in an LEDC, rich people live round edge in MEDC and LDC has more wedges and segregation
Ecological footprint of a country	The land and natural resources required to provide the raw materials on which the country along with its population feeds and the waste products it produces
Source	Natural environement
What do we use the environment as well as a source?	A sink
What do these sources and sinks represent?	The amount of land, water and air (biproductive areas) needed to support our lifestyles
What measurement is this expressed in?	Global hectares (GHA)
Carbon footprint	Measure of the carbon emissions included in our eco-footprints
5 facts about London's waste produced	5.9 tonnes of CO2 per person produced...20 million tonnes of waste a year...organic waste is released into rivers...49% waste sent to landfill...32% of waste in recycle (used to be 8%)
2 facts about London's food consumption	81% comes from outside U.K and they eat 6.9 tonnes a year (8 billion meals)
3 facts about London's energy consumption	Total energy use has stayed constant since 2000, all energy is imported and they use 13.2 million tonnes of oil a year
How much of London's energy use is renewable, gas, liquids and electricity?	<1% renewable, 55% gas, 23% liquids and 21% electricity
2 facts about London's transport	41% of journeys are public and 64 billion passenger kilometres are travelled each year

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The Challenge of an Urban World

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	Criado por Anna Hollywood mais de 10 anos atrás