the kingdoms of britain in 1603

Questão	Responda
stuart age	the period 1603-1649 and 1660-1714 when stuart monarchs were on the throne.
inflation	a sustained price increase with a fall in the value of money.
gentry	the class of landowners ranking just below the nobility.
justices of the peace	unpaid members of the gentry who enforced government decisions and acted as judges to lesser crimes.
tithe	one-tenth of a farmer's produce which was due to the church to pay the priest so he could give assistance to those in need.
commonwealth	often used to describe england and it's people. it links back to the idea of the 'common weal' or pubic good.
broadcloth	a type of heavy, dense cloth which was shrunk after weaving to make it thicker.
royal perogative	the king's power to act on his own authority without reference to others. it included control of foreign policy, war and peace, regulation of overseas trade and of the coinage, and the pardoning of criminals.
protestant	the churches which had broken away from the catholic church in the sixteenth century.
common law	law established by long custom through the decisions of courts.
statuate	a law passed by parliament.
proclamation	a public statement of the king's wishes, which had less force than a statuate.
privy councillors	members of the privy council who were both advisers and administrators.
gentlemen of the chamber	the personal attendants on the king who performed apparently menial tasks , such as helping the king to dress, yet had great influence.
subsidy	the main form of taxation, based on a fixed system of assessments. over time, the value of the subsidy decreased.
supply	taxation granted on an occasional basis to support the monarch's needs.
kirk	the scottish church
presbyterianism	a system of church government w/o bishops, which gave responsibility to individual congregations who chose their own ministers and elders. placed more emphasis on the bible than tradition.
lord lieutenant	the monarch's representative and head of the government in ireland.
roman catholic	the only accepted form of christianity in western europe prior to the reformation in the 16th century which introduced protestantism. catholics and protestants tended to regard each other with suspicion or even hatred.
plantation	government backed settlement of protestant emigrants from england or scotland (into ireland).
exchequer	the government office responsible for collecting revenue and making payments. it was run by the chancellor of the exchequer.
ulster	the area of ireland where, since tudor times, the english government pursued a plantation policy of dispossessing catholic peasants of their lads and giving them to protestant settlers.
regent	a person appointed to run the state when the monarch cannot do so because of either youth or illness.
favourite	a young man with a close relationship to the king who received many gifts of land, titles and money.
book of rates	listed the customs duty payable on specific items. it was periodically revised. the last revision had been in 1558.
papal bull	a formal proclamation issued by the pope.
excommunication	being excluded from the services and membership of the church. catholics believed that excommunicants would go to hell, if they did not reconcile themselves to the church first.
recusancy fines	payable by people who did not regularly attend the sunday services in their local parish church. in practice this was a fine for being catholic.
puritans	members of the anglican church who wished to purify it of the last vestiges of catholic worship. including an end to the ring in marriage, signing the cross at baptism, bowing at the name of jesus and wearing vestments.
baptism	the service by which babies became members of the church, as symbolised by being sprinkled with water.
communion	service of the church at which members received bread and wine, representing christ's body and blood. important to catholics because of their belief in transubstantiation. protestants and puritans gave it less importance.

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the kingdoms of britain in 1603

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	Criado por izzy smith mais de 7 anos atrás