Education

Questão	Responda
What is education for?	Functionalist approach -serving the needs of the economy - selection -facilitating social mobility -encouraging britishness and social cohesion -secondary socialisation -social control
The Marxist approach	-Serving the interests of the ruling class -Reproducing the class system -Breeding competition -Secondary socialisation
Explain the structure of the education system	1)Pre-school 2)Primary school 3)Secondary school 4)Further education 5)Higher education
Pros and Cons of faith schools	Pros- Full understanding of religion -Religious nature will ensure good discipline and good results Cons- Less likely to have a broad mix of students from diverse backgrounds -Prioritising faith over science
Pros and Cons of private schools	Pros- small number of students in a class - highly qualified teachers - world-class facilities - lots of contacts in later life Cons- they are elitist (everything should be led be elites) - leads to social exclusion
Raising standards with OFSTED	- Improves the structure of schools and teaching -Makes teachers work extra hard
Raising standards with league tables	- Makes competition with schools - Helps parents to see what school to send their children to -Can be negative for low achievers from disadvantaged backgrounds if schools focus their resources on the better performers rather than on those who are not entered for GCSE exams.
Differential educational achievement	The variations in educational attainment between students according to their social class background, gender and ethnicity.
Middle class backgrounds	Tend to achieve better results in public examinations than those from working class backgrounds.
Some ethnic minority groups	Such as Chinese, Indian and Irish heritage students tend to perform better than others such as African Caribbean, Pakistani and Bangladeshi students within education.
1970s and 1980s	subject choice was gendered with girls tending to specialise in some secondary-school subjects and boys in others.
Boys	Physics and maths
Girls	Biology and English language
1980s	Boys got higher Alevel results compared to girls.
Early 2000s	Girls were doing better than boys in GCSES and Alevels
Parental values and expectations	Parents in professional occupations often have high expectations of their children and expect them to do well at school. They are more likely to monitor their child's academic performance.
Economic situation	Children that don't do well in exams suffer from material deprivation.
Parents' educational background	If parents have high educational attainment they can help their child to monitor progress.
Cultural background	Research suggests that British Chinese parents value education and that in Chinese culture, children respect older people.
Self fulfilling prophecy	Negative labelling leads to students doing what they are expecting to achieve.
The school curriculum	It can be seen as biased towards white European cultures. Critics argue that African Caribbean cultures, histories and experiences should be more in the curriculum.
Pupil cultures and school ethos	Peer pressure to conform to the norms. Different classes view education in a different light. Some schools promote education and progression to university.
Institutional racism	Unintended consequence of the way schools are organised. High exclusion rate of African Caribbean students.
The specialist schools programme	Helps to tackle low achievement and raise standards in schools.
Schools' admissions policies	If a school allows its intake, this can work against students from disadvantaged backgrounds.
EMAS Education maintenance allowances	They were introduced so that students from low-income backgrounds could get financial help if they went beyond GCSEs.
Equal opportunities act and anti discrimination act	Made it illegal to discriminate on the basis of gender or ethnicity.

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	Criado por Anna Jevons mais de 7 anos atrás