9279659
Descrição
FlashCards por liv harvey, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por liv harvey
aproximadamente 7 anos atrás
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| Questão | Responda |
| ATP SYNTHESIS | Chemiosmosis- involves diffusion of protons down concentration gradient. The movement of protons as they flow down their concentration gradient releases energy that is used in the attachment of an inorganic phosphate to ADP, forming ATP |
| ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN | Made up of a series of electron carriers each with progressively lower energy levels. As high energy electrons move from one carrier to another, energy is released. Used to pump protons across a membrane creating a proton gradient. The only way protons can move back through membrane is through hydrophillic membrane channels linked to ATP synthase. |
| STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF CHLOROPLASTS | Thylakoids stacked to form grana, joined by membranous channels called lamallae. Pigments such as chlorophyll present in thylakoid membranes |
| PIGMENTS | Absorb specific wavelengths of light and reflect others. Chlorophyll- primary pigment, absorbs mainly red and blue light and reflects green |
| THE LIGHT DEPENDENT STAGE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS - NON-CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION | Excited electrons released from reaction centre of PSII and passed onto ETC- ATP produced by chemiosmosis. Electrons lost from PSII replaced from water molecules broken down by energy from sun. Excited electrons released from PSI, passed to another ETC. Electrons leaving this chain accepted along with H+ by NADP, making it reduced |
| THE LIGHT DEPENDENT STAGE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS- PHOTLYSIS | Water molecules split into hydrogen ions, electrons and oxygen molecules using energy from sun |
| THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT STAGE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS - CALVIN CYCLE | CO2 combines with RuBP, making the carbon fixed (incorporated into an organic molecule) RuBisCO catalyses the reaction - unstable 6 carbon intermediate produced. This breaks down, forming two 3-carbon GP molecules., which are converted to another 3-carbon molecule TP, using a hydrogen atom from reduced NADP and energy supplied by ATP. Most TP is recycled to regenerate RuBP. |
| FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS | Light intensity- if increased, ATP and red NADP produced at higher rate Carbon dioxide concentration-increases rate of fixation in the Calvin Cycle Temperature- affects the rate of enzyme controlled reactions |
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