Wars of the Roses 1450-1471 (AS-Level AQA History)

Questão	Responda
Political causes of Jack Cade's rebellion in 1450?	- Henry VI couldn't provide 'strong and stable' leadership. - Suffolk and other 'corrupt' advisors - rigged local elections, lowered high income tax and falsely accused people to make them pay fines. - Lord Saye threatened to destroyed Kent as revenge for Suffolk's death. - Nobles like Gloucester had been excluded from advising the king.
Social/Economic causes of Jack Cade's rebellion in 1450?	- The 'great slump': started in the 1430s. - Loss of Normandy: led to a trade slump. - Refugee problem: those who HAD lived in Normandy. - Henry was £372,000 in debt.
What was York's aim when he returned to court in 1451?	Remove Somerset. Pass acts of resumption to take back royal lands from favourites.
What major events happened in 1453?	Margaret of Anjou had a baby - Prince Edward of Westminster. Henry VI fell into a catatonic state after hearing about the loss of the hundred years war. Richard, Duke of York became lord protector after Parliament refused to name Margaret regent.
Who died at the 1st Battle of St. Albans in 1455?	Somerset (Edmund Beaufort) Northumberland (Henry Percy) Clifford (whose son would avenge him @ Wakefield)
What happened during Richard's second protectorate in 1455-56?	1) Brings law and order. 2) Exeter and Lord Egremont (son of Northumberland who died at St Albans) try to rebel. 3) Arrests Somerset. 4) Makes Salisbury chancellor.
What did Margaret.O.A do in 1456? What were the reprecussions?	Moved the royal court to the midlands. This angered London as it lost them trade -this would come back to haunt Margaret later on.
What farce happened in 1458?	Loveday Parade - all the various rival nobles pretended to be friends for the day and walk hand-in-hand. Nobody believed it, not least because all of them had their rather large armies behind them.
Events of 1459?	Yorkist Lords summoned to appear @ Coventry. They instead start a new rebellion. Salisbury intercepted by Audley @ Blore Heath - Audley killed. Yorkist forces are defeated at Ludford Bridge and they all retreat. Acts of Attainder are passed on York and his allies by the 'Parliament of Devils'.
Events of 1460?	Yorkist invasion @ Sandwich - London supplies them with troops. Northampton - warwick captures Henry VI and he signs Act of Accord. Wakefield - York, Salisbury and Rutland are killed.
Events of 1461?	2nd Battle of St Albans - Margaret rescues Henry VI from Warwick. Mortimer's Cross - Edward (Earl of March) defeats Owen Tudor. Towton - Edward becomes King.
How many men fought @ Towton? How many died?	60,000 fought. 28,000 killed.
What percentage of the peerage were involved in battles between 1459 and 1461?	80%
How did Edward IV stop Lancastrian resistance in 1463?	Made truces with France and Scotland to stop giving financial aid to Henry VI.
Who betrayed Edward IV in 1464?	Ralph Percy
What were the outcomes of the 2 battles that followed?	(Hedgeley Moor and Hexham) Ralph Percy (Edward's hoped-for ally) is killed. Somerset is also killed.
Who did Warwick plan to marry to Edward IV? Who did he marry instead?	Bona of Savoy Elizabeth Woodville
How could this be seen as a bad decision?	Angered and alienated Warwick. She (seemingly) had no political advantage - no foreign treaties. She already had children. Her father fought for the Lancastrians.
How could this be seen as a good decision?	Using her INCREDIBLY large family, Edward was able to marry them all in the nobility, cementing his own position and stopping the rise of factionalism.
What was the most notorious Woodville marriage?	The teenage John Woodville married the dowager Katherine Neville (who was in her sixties).
What did Warwick do in 1467?	He left court, taking Clarence with him.
What did the governer of Abbeville have to say about Warwick?	"England has but two rulers - Monsieur de Warwick, and another whose name I have forgotten"
What did Warwick and Clarence plan to do? What was Edward's opinion?	Warwick wanted to marry Clarence to his daughter Isabel - to lock himself into the nobility. Edward was like "ummm... Nope."
What rebellion occured in 1469, and how did Warwick use this to his advantage?	Robin of Redesdale Used it to marry Clarence and Isabel
What battle happened later that year, and what was the outcome?	Edgecote Moor Warwick defeated Edward IV and had him locked away. Didn;t last as nobody wanted Clarence on the throne.
What rebellion in 1470 was Warwick implicated in? What did he do following this? What happened upon his return?	Robin of Holderness. Went to France, with Clarence and met with Margaret.O.A. This alliance wa sealed with the marriage of Anne Neville to Edward of Westminster. Edward had to retreat to the Low Countries.
What were Louis XI's conditions for helping Warwick and Margaret?	When Henry VI was restored to the throne, they would go to war with Burgundy.
Was was Charles the Bold's reaction to this?	Gave £20,000 to Edward IV's cause to help him take back the throne.
What two battles occured in 1471? What were the outcomes?	Barnet - Warwick is killed. Tewkesbury - Edward of Westmister and Somerset are killed.
Who was made Earl of Northumberland between 1461 and 1470? Who was he replaced with in 1470, and why?	John Neville, Lord Montagu Henry Percy, in order to restore stability to the north.
What were the economic/social effects of the WOTR up to 1471?	Little impact on the common man. Margaret's forces notorious for pillging inthe 1460 campaign. Turmoil was perfect cover for crime. By 1471, less of the peerage were involved - they knew the risks. Warwick's piratical attacks in 1459 made trading dangerous, but by no means did it stop trading.

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Wars of the Roses 1450-1471 (AS-Level AQA History)

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	Criado por James Jolliffe mais de 7 anos atrás