Biopsychology - Chapter 1 - Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

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Flashcards for Chapter 1 in Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience by Neil Carlson
Lorann Kearney
FlashCards por Lorann Kearney, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Lorann Kearney
Criado por Lorann Kearney mais de 7 anos atrás
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corpus callosum A large bundle of nerve fibers that connects corresponding parts of one side of the brain with those of the other
split-brain operation Brain surgery where the surgeon cuts the corpus callosum. It's occasionally performed to treat a form of epilepsy
cerebral hemispheres The two symmetrical halves of the brain that constitute the major part of the brain
generalization a scientific explanation where a general conclusion is based on many observations of similar phenomena
reduction a scientific explanation where a phenomenon is described in terms of the more elementary processes that underlie it
reflex An automatic, stereotyped movement produced as the direct result of a stimulus
model A mathematical or physical analogy for a physiological process (i.e. computers-->multiple brain functions)
doctrine of specific nerve energies Muller's conclusion that because all nerve fibers carry the same type of message, sensory information must be specified by the particular nerve fibers that are active
experimental ablation research method in which the function of a part of the brain is inferred by observing the behaviors an animal can no longer perform after that part is damaged
functionalism principle that the best way to understand a biological phenomenon (behavior or physiological structure) is to try to understand its useful functions for the organism
natural selection the process by which inherited traits that confer a selective advantage (increase likelihood to live+reproduce) become more prevalent in the population
evolution gradual change in the structure and physiology of plant and animal species - generally producing more complex organisms - as a result of natural selection
mutation a change in the genetic information contained in the chromosomes of sperm or eggs, which can be passed on to an organism's offspring; providing genetic variability
selective advantage a characteristic of an organism that permits it to produce more than the average number of offspring of its species
neoteny a slowing of the process of maturation, allowing more time for growth; an important factor in the development of large brains
behavioral neuroscientist/physiological psychologist a scientist who studies the physiology of behavior, primarily by performing physiological and behavioral experiments with laboratory animals

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