Ionic Bonding:)

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• Ions are charged particles 

• When atoms gain/lose electrons, all they're trying to do is gain a full outer shell. 

• Metals lose electrons to form positive ions

• Non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions 

• The number of electrons lost/gained is the same as the charge on the ion 

• Group 1 and 2  elements are metals. 

• They lose electrons  to form positive  ions

• Cations 

• Group 6 and 7 elements are non- metals

• They gain electrons to form negative  ions

• Anions 

• Group 1 elements form  1+ ions, because they  have 1 electron in their outer shell

• Group 2 elements form 2+ ions, because they have  2 electrons in their outer shell

• Group 6 elements from 2-  ions 

• Group 7 elements form  1- ions 

• As you go down each group, you add electron shells, so the outer electrons get further from the nucleus   

• As you do down, the outer electrons get further from the nucleus

• For Groups 1 and 2, this  means it gets easier to remove the outer electrons so its more reactive as you go down the group

• For Groups 6 and 7, it gets harder for the nucleus to attract extra electrons to form ions, so the elements get less reactive as you go down the group. 

• When a metal and non metal react together, the metal loses electrons to form a positively charged ion and the non mental gain electrons to form a negatively charged ion 

• These oppositely charged ions are then strongly attracted to one another by electrostatic forces and from an ionic bond 

• They are held together by electrostatic froces

• The oppositely charged particles have to BALANCE

• You can show Ionic bonding using Dot and Cross Diagrams