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32537618
What is language?
Descrição
An introduction to a language by Victoria Fromkin
Sem etiquetas
semantics
idiomas
Fluxograma por
Ara Guz
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Ara Guz
mais de 3 anos atrás
20
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Resumo de Recurso
Nós do fluxograma
What is language?
We live in a world of language and is “ the human essence".
Language is the source of human life and power and distinguishes humans from other animals.
Linguistic Knowledge
When you know a language, you can speak and be understood by others who know that language.
Knowledge of the Sound System
Part of knowing a language means knowing what sounds (or signs1) are in that language and what sounds are not.
Knowledge of Words
Also knowing which sounds may start a word, end a word, and follow each other.
One way this unconscious knowledge is revealed is by the way speakers of one language pronounce words from another.
Knowing a language means also knowing that certain sequences of sounds signify certain concepts or meanings.
Arbitrary Relation of Form and Meaning
The relationship between speech sounds and the meanings they represent is, for the most part, an arbitrary one.
When you are acquiring a language you have to learn that the sounds represented by the letters.
Onomatopoeic words
the words of a particular language have the meanings they do only by convention.
This conventional and arbitrary relationship between the form (sounds) and meaning (concept) of a word is also true in sign languages.
Over time these signs may change, just as the pronunciation of words changes, and the miming effect is lost.
Like buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.
Sounds differ from language to language, reflecting the particular sound system of the language
Sometimes particular sound sequences seem to relate to a particular concept.
In English many words beginning with "gl" relate to sight.
Such as glare, glint, gleam, glitter, glossy, glaze, glance, glimmer, glimpse, and glisten.
"Gl" may have nothing to do with “sight” in another language, or even in other words in English
Such as gladiator, glucose, glory, glutton, globe, and so on.
The Creativity of Linguistic Knowledge
Knowing a language means being able to produce new sentences never spoken before and to understand sentences never heard before.
The creative aspect of language use.
Language is a set of learned responses to stimuli.
These sounds are not part of language.
Our creative ability also includes our understanding of new or novel sentences.
You may not believe the sentence; you may question its logic.
Creativity is a universal property of human language.
Even some involuntary cries like “ouch” contain only the sounds found in the language.
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