Lecture one

Nós do fluxograma

• History of the ocean 

• time line

• 150 - 1400 AD - dark ages wouldnt map the sea as they thought it was full of monsters 

• 500 - 150 AD - greek philosophy - created latitude and longitude for maps 

• <500 B.C early exploration - mostly middle east 

• 15th - 16th century - age of discovery - circumnavigtion began

• 17th - 19th - hydrography and mapping - used in the challenger expedition = ocean science begins 

• 1872-1876 AD - challenger expedition - the first scientific research vessel - used for plankton trawling 

• modern research vessels are more like floating laboratories such as the james clark ross - used for antartic studies, on board it has different kinds of deployment - ctd rosette and a optics ring - for water samples and analysis techniques - oxygen, nutrient and green house gas.

• sampling 

• sea floor 

• Benthic lander 

• sediment corer - used to remove whole sediment = shows layers 

• mapping 

• AUV - used for tracking the sea floor 

• underwater gliders - behind the boat taking  mapp of the bottom 

• Argo floats - used for upper profiling

• wave gliders - are used to determine wave frequencie 

• usefull for non trade root areas 

• ROVs - used for sampling deep water as no one has to be in it - usefull for all sampling methods 

• research submarines - underwater sampling 

• deep sea drilling project and FLIP - floating platform 

• future - oceanography from space - scans the earth for changes in sediments - also for abiotic factors