Aisha’s not feeling so good

Development of the heart
1. External shape
2. Sinus venousus
3. Atrioventricular canal
4. Interatrial septum
5. Interventricular septum
6. Bulbus cordis
7. Truncus arteriosus
8. Aortic arches
Edema
1. Mechanism
  1. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
  2. Hypoalbuminemia
  3. Lymphatic obstruction
  4. Increased capillary permeability
Congestive heart failure
1. Inability of the heart to keep up with the demands on it, with failure of the heart to pump blood with normal efficiency.
2. Types
  1. Left-Sided
  2. Right-Sided
3. Signs and symptoms
  1. Orthopnea
  2. Dyspnea
  3. Chest pain
  4. Persistent Cough
4. Risk factors
  1. Coronary artery diseases
  2. Alcohol and Tobacco use
  3. Hypertension
5. Compensatory physiological response
  1. Increased sympethatic activity
  2. Myocardial hypertrophy
  3. Activation of RAA system
6. Physical examination
  1. Vital signs
    1. Blood pressure
    2. Heart rate
    3. Respiration
    4. Temperature
  2. Hyperdynamic Apical Impulse
  3. Jugular venous distention
7. Investigations
  1. Chest X-ray
  2. ECG
  3. Echo
8. Management
  1. Lifestyle
    1. Less salt intake
    2. Physical excersice
    3. Less fat intake
  2. Pharmacology
    1. Inotropic drugs
      1. Phosphodiestrase inhibitors
        Inamrinone
        milrinone
      2. B agonists
        Dobutamine
        Dopamine
      3. Human Natriuretic Peptide B-type
        Nesiritide
      4. Digitalis glycosides
        Digoxin
      5. Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
    2. B blockers
    3. Vasodilators
      1. Nitrates
      2. Hydralazine

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Aisha’s not feeling so good

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	Criado por fatima alkhateeb quase 7 anos atrás