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11963940
Amount of Substance
Descrição
A2 Chemistry (Physical 1) Mapa Mental sobre Amount of Substance, criado por Dominic Weston em 22-01-2018.
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chemistry
physical 1
a2
Mapa Mental por
Dominic Weston
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Dominic Weston
mais de 6 anos atrás
187
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Resumo de Recurso
Amount of Substance
Mole
A large number of particles
6.02x10^23 particles/ molecules / ions
Avogadro's Constant
number of particles = moles x avogadro constant
Moles = mass/mr
Moles = conc (moldm^-3) x vol (dm^3)
1 dm^3 = 1000 cm^3
Ideal gas
pV = nRT
Tells you number of moles in a volume of gas
At room temp and pressure, one mole occupies the volume of 24dm^3
Atom Economy
Measure of the proportion of reactant atoms become desired product in a balanced equation
% A.E = (mr of product / sum of all reactant mr) * 100
High atom economy desired in industry
Better for environment - less waste
Waste costs money to remove safetly
High efficiency in using raw resources
Less money spent on seperating products and waste
Titrations
Used to find concentration of acid or akali solutions
Allows you to find out how much acid is needed to neutralise a akali and vice versa
Can use this data to work out conc of alkali/acid
Use a pipette to measure out volume of the solution oy want to know the conc of
Add few drops of indicator, then fill burette with standard solution of acid
Use funnel to pour acid into burette, doing it below eye level for safety
First do a rought tirtation to get a general idea of where the end point is
Add the acid to the akali using burette with a regular swirl
Then do an accurate titration by taking an initial reading to see exactly how much acid is in the burette
Run the acid until within 2cm of then add dropwise, keep it accurate and not overshoot
Work out the amount of acid used to neutralise the akali by final minus initial
Standard Solution
Standard solution is any solution you know the exact conc of
Standard Solution used in titrations
Do it by dissolving a known amount of solid in a known amount of water
Wieght solid and boat, subtract just boat to find precise mass of solid used
Add everything to volumetric flask and rinse beaker to make sure all solid in
Using a funnel to make sure all goes into flask, top up flask to line
Add stopper and shake to make sure all mixed
Equations and Calculations
Writing ionic equations
Ionic substances in the equation will dissolve into ions
Cancel ions on both sides, reactants and products
Resulting in only reacting particles being shown
Using molar ratio
If you have 4 moles of reactant
Which forms 2 moles of product
0.5 mol of reactant forms 0.25 moles of product
Types of Reactions
Compounds break down when heated, forming two or more products from one reactant
If solid reactant broken down, will only be pure if other products are gases
Thermal Decomposition
Percentage Yield
Yield is never 100%
Reactants lost
Reactants not fully reacted
% Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) * 100
Theoretical: mass of products that should be formed
Equal to the mass in mol=mass/mr
Actual: always less than theoretical
Anexos de mídia
Pv=Nrt (binary/octet-stream)
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