The halogens

Descrição

A level Chemistry (Reactions and elements) Mapa Mental sobre The halogens, criado por mbaker25 em 03-06-2013.
mbaker25
Mapa Mental por mbaker25, atualizado more than 1 year ago
mbaker25
Criado por mbaker25 mais de 11 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

The halogens
  1. Boiling point increases down the group
    1. Increasing strength of the van der waals forces
      1. Size of atom increases
      2. Electronegativity decrease down the group
        1. Size of the atom increases
          1. Electrostatic attraction between the valance electron and the nucleus decreses
        2. A halogen will displace a halide from a solution if the halide is below it in the periodic table
          1. Chlorine and sodium hydroxide make bleach
            1. 2NaOH + Cl2 ---> NaClO + NaCl + H2O
              1. Disproportionation
                1. Chlorine is oxidised and reduced at the same time
              2. Water treatment
              3. Chlorine and water
                1. Cl2 + H2O <==> HCl + HClO
                  1. water and chloric (I) acid (HClO)
                    1. HClO + H2O <==> ClO- + H3O+
                      1. Hypochlorous ions
                        1. Chlorate (I) ions kill bacteria
                        2. Hypochlorous acid
                        3. Treatment of water
                          1. Kills disease-causing microoraganisms
                            1. Prevents reinfection
                              1. Prevents growth of algae
                                1. Eliminating bad tastes and smell
                              2. Chlorine is harmful
                                1. Gas-irritates respiratory systems
                                  1. Liquid- causes severe chemical burns
                                    1. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are carcinogenic

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