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Properties of
Materials
- Mechanical Properties: These describe how
a material will respond to different types
of external forces
- Types of
Strength
- Tensile Strength - the
ability to withstand
pulling (stretching) forces
- Compressive Strength -
ability to withstand pushing
(squashing) forces
- Shear strength - ability to withstand
forces which tend to cut the material
in two
- Torsional strength - ability to
withstand twisting (rotary) forces
- Bending strength -
ability to resist bending
forces
- Tensile Strength - the
ability to withstand
pulling (stretching) forces
- Hardness - the ability of a material to withstand
indentation or scratching. This is a requirement
when a product or component needs to have good
wear resistance. Examples include twist drills,
chisels, roller bearings and kitchen cutting
surfaces
- Elasticity - a measure of how flexible a materials is.
Elasticity is important in products such as vaulting
pols and springs
- Malleability - the ability of a material to be
hammered of forged into shape. The
material may be shaped hot or cold
- Ductility - the ability of a material to be permanently deformed by
cold-working. This can be achieved by bending, twisted or pulling
materials through a die. Materials for wires need to be ductile. Metals
for car bodies need eo be ductile so that they can be formed when
pressed.
- Machineability - this is how easily a material
can be manufactured using machine tools
- Toughness - is how well a material can withstand impact forces. The
oppostie of toughness is brittleness. A material is said to be brittle if it
has low resistance to impact loads. Toughness is important for
products such as hammers, machine parts, kitchen utensils, gardening
tools and railway lines
- Types of
Strength
- Properties
- A property is a
characteristic of a material
- A material will possess a
range of different properties
- Designers use properties to help them
select a material for a particular
purpose
- The range of properties can be divided into
mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties for
both service and manufacture
- A property is a
characteristic of a material
- Aesthetic Properties
- Colour
- Surface Texture
- Surface
Decoration
- Brightness
- Colour
- Physical Properties - these
describe how a material will
respond to physical influences
other than force
- Optical Properties -
how light can pass
through a material. A
material can be
transparent, translucent
or opaque
- Resistance to
corrosion - how well a
material will resist
corrosion. Rusting is
the main form of
corrosion in steels.
Most steels have to be
protected against
rusting
- Thermal Conductivity - how well a
material will conduct heat. Soldering iron
tips and saucepans need good thermal
conductivity properties so that they can
transfer heat quickly. Metals are good
conductors of heat.
- Electrical conductivity - how well a material
conducts electricity. electrical wires and
terminals need to be good electrical
conductors. Aluminium, copper and silver are
example of good conductors. Insulators are
materials which do not conduct electricity
- Optical Properties -
how light can pass
through a material. A
material can be
transparent, translucent
or opaque
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