Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition
1. It is a renal damage caused by diabetes.
It affects
1. Kidneys
  1. Anatomy
It is a type of
1. Renal diseases
  1. Definition
    1. Damage to kidney’s tissue causing effects on body’s ability to clean the body and remove the waste products
  2. classification
    1. Acute
      1. Pre renal
        Absolute decrease in ECF VOLUME
        Decreased RBF
        Altered infrarenal hemodynamics
      2. Infrarenal
        Tubulointerstitial disorders
        Tubular injury
        interstitial nephritis
        Glomerular disorders
        glomerulonephritis
        thrombotic microangiopathies
        Aatheroembolic diseases
      3. post renal
        Anatomic obstruction
        Tubular obstruction
        crystals
        proteins
        drugs
        indinavir
        methotrexate
    2. chronic
      1. diabetic
      2. non diabetic
        vascular
        large vessel diseases
        renal artery stenosis
        small vessel disease
        hypertension or vasculitis
        Glomerular
        primary nephritis
        Autoimmune diseases
        systemic infection
        tubulointestinal
        Autoimmune diseases
        obstructive nephropathy
        Cystic
        polycystic kidney disease
  3. Renal Failure
    1. Acute
      1. chronic
        end-stage
  4. Nephrotic Syndrome
  5. Other classification
    1. Effacement of foot processes
      1. Minimal change disease
        Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
    2. Deposition of immune complex
      1. Membranous Nephropathy
        Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
  6. Investigations
    1. Lab findings
      1. hematuria
      2. proteinurea
      3. color, clarity, gravity
      4. Glucose, ketones
    2. BUN
    3. Creatinine
Sign and symptoms
1. Edema
  1. causes
    1. increased hydrostatic pressure
    2. reduced colloidal or oncotic pressure within blood vessels
    3. increased blood vessel wall permeability
    4. changes in the water retaining properties
2. Proteinurea
  1. causes
    1. Glomerular pathology
    2. Urinary tract infection
    3. After vigorous exercise
    4. Orthostatic proteinuria
3. Worsening blood pressure control
  1. Nausea and vomiting
    1. Increased need to urinate
      1. Confusion or difficulty concentrating
        Loss of appetite
Treatment
1. medication
  1. ACE inhibitors
2. Surgery and dialysis
  1. kidney-pancretic transplantation
Prognosis
1. depends on stage
how to deal with chronic diseases
1. Acceptance
  1. Life Style
    1. Unconscious changes
Physiology of kidney

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Diabetic Nephropathy

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	Criado por Eslam Ebrahim mais de 6 anos atrás