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1551070
Benzene reactions
Descrição
A level Chemistry Mapa Mental sobre Benzene reactions, criado por elishamjones em 29-10-2014.
Sem etiquetas
chemistry
a level
Mapa Mental por
elishamjones
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
elishamjones
mais de 9 anos atrás
28
2
0
Resumo de Recurso
Benzene reactions
Electrophilic substitution
Nitration of Benzene
Electrophile is NO₂⁺
Made by protonation of HNO₃ by conc H₂SO₄
Heated to 50℃
Makes [H₂NO₃]⁺
Decomposes into NO₂⁺ & H₂O
H₂SO₄ remade when HSO₄⁻ join H⁺ from the benzene ring
Hence is a cataylst
Dyes
Nitrobenzene reduced to Phenylamine
Anotações:
By the reduction of a NO₂ group to an NH₂ group using Fe in industry or Sn and strong HCl in a lab
Phenylamine → Azo dye
Anotações:
Phenylamine → Benzenediazonium chloride → Azo dye.
Azo dye contains 2 benzene rings connected by N=N
Explosives
Repeat nitration of methylbenzene makes TNT
Anotações:
TNT is 2,4,6 trinitromethylbenzene
Friedal-Crafts acylation
Acyl Chloride + Benzene → Ketone
Needs FeCl₂ or AlCl₃ catalyst
Lewis acids can accept a lone pair of electrons
Lone pair from Chloride on Acyl Chloride
Makes an acylium ion
This is the electrophile
Will be remade
A hydrogen is swapped for a functional group
Benzene delocalised = many electrons
Attacked by electrophiles
A species that seeks electrons
Conditions
High temp
Conc reagents
Catalysts
Cannot undergo addition of electrophiles since Benzene is stable
Anexos de mídia
electrophilic_substitution_benzene (image/jpg)
Screen_Shot_2014-10-29_at_5.00.30_pm (image/png)
acyliumion1 (image/png)
Friedel-Crafts-acylation-mechanism (image/png)
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