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The Liver
- Structure of Liver
- Blood Vesseks
- Hepatic Vein
- Hepatic Artery
- Hepatic Portal Vein
- Hepatic Vein
- Bile Duct
- Inter-lobular vessels
- Branches from the hepatic
artery and hepatic vein enter
- Branches from the hepatic
artery and hepatic vein enter
- Sinusoid
- Specialised capillary where blood from the hepatic artery and hepatic vein mix
- Specialised capillary where blood from the hepatic artery and hepatic vein mix
- Hepatocytes
- Liver cells
- Liver cells
- Kupffer Cells
- Gall Bladder
- Blood Vesseks
- Ornithine Cycle
- Ammonia + carbon dioxide------> urea + water
- 2NH3 +CO2------> CO(NH2) + H20
- 2NH3 +CO2------> CO(NH2) + H20
- Diagram
- Ammonia + carbon dioxide------> urea + water
- Bile
- Bile is secreted
from the liver
- Bile has a digestive
and excretory function
- The bile duct carries bile
from the liver to the gall
bladder where it is stored
until needed
- Bile is secreted
from the liver
- Kupffer Cells
- They move out of the
sinusoids breakdown and
recycle old red blood cells
- Specialist macrophages
- One product is bilirubin which is excreted in
the bile and gives the brown pigment in
faeces
- They move out of the
sinusoids breakdown and
recycle old red blood cells
- Blood Vessels
- Hepatic Portal
Vein
- Deoxygenated
and rich in
products of
digestion
- Purpose
- Brings toxins to the liver
- Brings toxins to the liver
- Direction of flow
- From intestines to
liver
- From intestines to
liver
- Deoxygenated
and rich in
products of
digestion
- Hepatic Artery
- Oxygenated Blood
- Purpose
- Supplies oxygen
- Supplies oxygen
- Direction of flow
- From heart
to liver
- From heart
to liver
- Oxygenated Blood
- Hepatic Vein
- Deoxygenated Blood
- Direction of flow
- Liver to heart
- Liver to heart
- Purpose
- Returns blood to
normal circulation
- Returns blood to
normal circulation
- Deoxygenated Blood
- Hepatic Portal
Vein
- Deamination
- The removal of the toxic amine group from an
amino acid to produce a less toxic ammonia
- Amino acid + O2 ------> Keto acid + ammonia
- Formation of urea: ammonia + CO2 -------> urea + water
- Formation of urea: ammonia + CO2 -------> urea + water
- Ammonia is excreted as urea
- The removal of the toxic amine group from an
amino acid to produce a less toxic ammonia
- Detoxifcation
- Liver cells contain enzymes that make toxic molecules less toxic
- Catalase which converts hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water
- Of Alcohol
- Enzyme ethanol dehydrogenase
- Ethanol to ethanal gives of NADH
- Ethanol to ethanal gives of NADH
- Enzyme ethanol dehydrogenase
- Converts ethanol to ethanoate gives of NADH
- Ethanoate combines with coenzyme A
- Forms actetyl coenzyme A
- Forms actetyl coenzyme A
- Ethanoate combines with coenzyme A
- Converts ethanol to ethanoate gives of NADH
- Enzyme ethanol dehydrogenase
- Liver cells contain enzymes that make toxic molecules less toxic
- Cirrhosis
- A chronic Liver disorder that is
mainly found in alcoholics.
- A chronic Liver disorder that is
mainly found in alcoholics.
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