17663493
Descrição
Mapa Mental por Eleana Landregan, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Eleana Landregan
mais de 5 anos atrás
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Microbiology
- BACTERIA
- Prokaryotes with
peptidoglycan which
composes Gram-positive
cell walls
- Anaerobic or aerobic
- 1 to 10um
- Chromosomes pulled apart by
attachments to inner membrane
- External cell wall
- RNA and protein synthesized in the single
compartment
- No organelles
- No endo or exo cytosis
- Rods or
cocci
- BACTERIAL SPORE FORMATION
- Gram-positive bateria in rod
shape can produce spores
- Spores are highly resistant to chemicals, desiccation and
nutrient depletion
- Heat resistant so can survive
pasteurisation/cooking
- Dormant but germinate when the
environment is optimal
- Gram-positive bateria in rod
shape can produce spores
- BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD
- Pathogenic bacteria: food poisoning
- Gram negative rods (Enterobacteriaceae
non-spore forming rods) E.G. E coli.
- Gram negative rods (Pseudomonads)
- Gram positive rods (Clostridia)
- Gram negative rods (Enterobacteriaceae
non-spore forming rods) E.G. E coli.
- Cultured bacteria
- Gram positive rods (Lactobactilli - found in yoghurt)
- Gram positive rods (Lactobactilli - found in yoghurt)
- Pathogenic bacteria: food poisoning
- BACTERIAL STRUCTURE AND THE GRAM STAIN
- Three types of cell wall layers; Gram positive, Gram negative and Acid fast
- GRAM STAIN
- 1. Add bacteria to microscope slide
- 2. Set and stain with Crystal Violet (only
retained in Gram positive cell walls
- 3. Wash and stain Iodine
- 4. Wash and destain with Ethanol
- 5. Counterstain with Safranin
- 1. Add bacteria to microscope slide
- Three types of cell wall layers; Gram positive, Gram negative and Acid fast
- BINARY FISSION
- Asexual
- Genomic DNA replicates
- Cell doubles its mass
- In ideal growth conditions E. coli is
capable of undergoing one cell cycle
every 20 minutes
- Asexual
- CONTROLLING PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
- Sterilisation
- Complete
destruction/elimination of all
viable organisms
- E.G. spores, sterile objects, heat, radiation,
chemicals and physical removal of cells
- Complete
destruction/elimination of all
viable organisms
- Disinfection
- Kills, inhibits or removes organisms
that may cause disease
- Vegetative microorganisms but not spores
- Inanimate objects (not safe for living tissues)
- Kills, inhibits or removes organisms
that may cause disease
- Decontamination with biocides
- Kills, inhibits or removes
organisms that may cause
disease
- Vegetative microorganisms and
potentially spores
- Very strong
- Used for inanimate objects, healthcare
- Kills, inhibits or removes
organisms that may cause
disease
- Sterilisation
- Prokaryotes with
peptidoglycan which
composes Gram-positive
cell walls
- EUKARYA
- 10 to 100um
- Anaerobic or aerobic
- Internal cytoskeleton
- Long linear DNA
- RNA synthesized and processed in
nucleus; proteins synthesized in
cytoplasm
- Endo and exo cytosis
- Chromosomes pulled apart by
attachments to cytoskeletal
components
- FUNGI
- Three groups: Moulds, Yeasts and Mushrooms
- Cell walls made of chitin
- Fungal cell walls made of hyphae
- Together these make a mycelium
- Form branches
- Can reproduce sexually or
asexually- fungal spores
- Yeast 'bud'
- Three groups: Moulds, Yeasts and Mushrooms
- 10 to 100um
- ARCHAEA
- Prokaryotes without
peptidoglycan
- Prokaryotes without
peptidoglycan
- VIRUSES
- Contains either RNA or DNA and replicates in cells
- Has an extracellular state
- Contains either RNA or DNA and replicates in cells
- PRIONS
- Entirely protein
- No nucleic acids
- Infectious
- Causes disease in animals
- Currently not found in plants
- Entirely protein
- MICROBIAL NUTRITION
- AUTOTROPHS
- Capable of synthesising complex
organic molecules from a simple
non-organic molecules
- Capable of synthesising complex
organic molecules from a simple
non-organic molecules
- HETEROTROPHS
- Use organic molecules such as carbon
- Use organic molecules such as carbon
- AUTOTROPHS
- GROWING MICROBES IN THE LAB
- OPTIMAL CONDITIONS
- Nutrient source
- Optimal temperature
- Water availability
- pH
- Gaseous atmosphere
- No antimicrobials (agent that
kills microorganisms or stops
their growth)
- Nutrient source
- CULTURE
- 1. Nutrient source
- Carbohydrate - sugars
- Proteins/amino acids - meat/yeast extracts
- Minerals/Vitamins
- Carbohydrate - sugars
- 2. Broth culture
- Test tubes/bottles
- Test tubes/bottles
- 3. Solid media
- Test tubes/bottles
- Test tubes/bottles
- Culture media can be formulated to:
- Meet nutritional requirements of certain bacteria
- Selectively grow bacteria, inhibit others
- Be diagnostic
- Meet nutritional requirements of certain bacteria
- 1. Nutrient source
- OPTIMAL CONDITIONS
- MICROBES
- MICROBIAL GROWTH IN LIQUID (broth)
- When bacteria grow in a liquid broth
the normally follow a standard
pattern of growth
- When bacteria grow in a liquid broth
the normally follow a standard
pattern of growth
- MICROBES AND TEMPERATURE
- High temperatures cause:
- Membrane disruption
- Protein denaturation
- For every 10C increase in temperature
the metabolic rate and growth rates
approximately double
- Membrane disruption
- Low temperatures cause:
- Adaptations to maintain membrane fluidity
- Slow metabolic processes
- Slow growth rates
- Adaptations to maintain membrane fluidity
- High temperatures cause:
- MICROBIAL GROWTH IN LIQUID (broth)
Anexos de mídia
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