1832553
Descrição
Mapa Mental por Sandie Garland, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Sandie Garland
quase 10 anos atrás
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Models of Addictive Behaviour - Gambling
- LEARNING
- Initiation
- Operant Conditioning
- When you gamble you are positively
rewarded by gaining money and having a
dopamine rush - positively reinforced -
unconsciously encouraged to repeat the
behaviour
- Custar (1982): people who win big
when they first start gambling are
more likely to become compulsive
gamblers
- Custar (1982): people who win big
when they first start gambling are
more likely to become compulsive
gamblers
- Gambling is an example of random ratio
schedule - body does not habituate
- maximising the biological reward - stay motivated
without rewards
- When you gamble you are positively
rewarded by gaining money and having a
dopamine rush - positively reinforced -
unconsciously encouraged to repeat the
behaviour
- Social Learning Theory
- Watch a role model gamble and
see them win money and thier
popularity increase - you undergo
vicarious reinforcement - imitate
their behaviour to gain the
rewards
- Gupta (1998): 86% of children who
gambled did so with family
- Gupta (1998): 86% of children who
gambled did so with family
- Watch a role model gamble and
see them win money and thier
popularity increase - you undergo
vicarious reinforcement - imitate
their behaviour to gain the
rewards
- Operant Conditioning
- Maintenance
- Classical Conditioning
- Over time an unconscious
association formed between
what is around you when you
gamble and the rewards of
gambling - acts as a trigger
- Eg. when you gamble at a slot
machine there are lots of
bright lights - if you see bright
lights there is an
overwhelming impulse to
gamble - lights act as a trigger
- Over time an unconscious
association formed between
what is around you when you
gamble and the rewards of
gambling - acts as a trigger
- Classical Conditioning
- Relapse
- Raylu
- PA: more control over films
- Nurture
- Initiation
- COGNITIVE
- Initiation
- Self Medication
Model
- Use gambling to treat psychological
problems - percieved as dealing with the
problem - distractor from unhappiness or
boredom
- Becona (1996): depression is evident in the majority of PG
- Becona (1996): depression is evident in the majority of PG
- Use gambling to treat psychological
problems - percieved as dealing with the
problem - distractor from unhappiness or
boredom
- Theory of Reasoned
Action
- Both attitudes are norms and
combined to create the
behaviour intention which
determines the actual behaviour
- attitude: I'm feeling lucky,
norms: sociable - do it
- Both attitudes are norms and
combined to create the
behaviour intention which
determines the actual behaviour
- attitude: I'm feeling lucky,
norms: sociable - do it
- Self Medication
Model
- Maintenance
- Self Medication
Model
- Irrational beliefs - gambler's fallacy -
belief that random events can be
affected by recent events - their luck
will change - superstitious
behaviours will effect eg. lucky die
- Griffiths (1994): regular
gamblers were more likely to
believe there were skilled and
to make irrational
verbalisations during play -
expressed loses are near wins
- Griffiths (1994): regular
gamblers were more likely to
believe there were skilled and
to make irrational
verbalisations during play -
expressed loses are near wins
- Irrational beliefs - gambler's fallacy -
belief that random events can be
affected by recent events - their luck
will change - superstitious
behaviours will effect eg. lucky die
- Self Medication
Model
- Relapse
- Raylu
- Initiation
- BIOLOGICAL
- Initiation
- Born with A1 allele of the DRD2 gene
- suffer a deficit of dopamine -
constantly under rewarded - need to
stimulate the mesolimbic system -
gambling provides disproportionate
reward
- Comings (1998): 50% of PGs have the
A1 allele of DRD2 compared to only
25% of the general public
- Bergh: lower levels of dopamine in PG
- Comings (1998): 50% of PGs have the
A1 allele of DRD2 compared to only
25% of the general public
- Born with A1 allele of the DRD2 gene
- suffer a deficit of dopamine -
constantly under rewarded - need to
stimulate the mesolimbic system -
gambling provides disproportionate
reward
- Maintenance
- Random ratio schedule of
reinforcement - brain does not
habituate - reward level does
not drop
- Random ratio schedule of
reinforcement - brain does not
habituate - reward level does
not drop
- Relapse
- If you have the A1 allele of
DRD2 you are more likely to
relapse - without gambling
mesolimbic system is not
stimulated - gamble again
- No gambling = no reward -
lower than normal
dopamine levels - physical
dependance on gamlbing -
gamble again to raise
dopamine levels
- If you have the A1 allele of
DRD2 you are more likely to
relapse - without gambling
mesolimbic system is not
stimulated - gamble again
- Raylu
- Deterministic - stereotypeing? not motivation to
improve?
- PA: drugs - NRT
- Initiation
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