there was a potentuality & actuality to be a more completed
state in both nature & humans
everything has a goal or purpose, even nature.
william paley
analogy: watch or eye. if something shows intelligent design then it
must have a designer. god must be the universes designer
design qua regularity: design in relation to
the order & regularity of the university
design qua purpose: evidence of design, how the
parts of the universe fit together for a purpose
F.R.tennant
aesthetic principle: universe poses a natural beauty that goes beyond that
which is necessary to live (not needed for survival). shows god created it.
anthropic principle: relating to mankind or the period of mankinds existence.
the universe had such a low percentage chance of supporting life that it must
have been created with the purpose to support us humans
swinburne
universe was indeed law governed rather than chaotic.
so the world was designed rather than by chance
aquinas: fifth way
"everything operates as to a design.
this design is from god"
immanual kant
argues our mind imposes order on the world. it may
not be there but we have been taught to see it
the universe is not a self ordering system so to order must be imposed
from an outside agency. only intelligent beings are capable of imposing
order. this intelligent mind must have been god.
arthur brown
the ozone layer protects us from harmful rays and orbiting meteorites and keeps out
atmosphere inside and so something so perfect to protect us must be created