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19243178
organising animals and plants B4
Descrição
GCSE Biology Mapa Mental sobre organising animals and plants B4, criado por Millie Jones em 08-09-2019.
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biology
gcse
Mapa Mental por
Millie Jones
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Millie Jones
mais de 5 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
organising animals and plants B4
the blood
blood is a tissue
the plasma contains: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
red blood cells: biconcave discs, contain haemoglobin, carry oxygen to organs
white blood cells: have a nuclear, defend the body against pathogens, some produce antibodies
platelets: are fragments of cells, no nucleus, help blood clot
blood clotting
fibrinogen changes to fibrin
forms a network of fibres that trap blood cells
form a scab
the blood vessels
blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries
arteries: carry blood away from the heart, have thick walls and small lumen
veins: carry blood towards the heart, have thinner walls and bigger lumen, have valves to prevent blackflow
capillaries: are narrow thin walled vessels, carry blood through organs, allow exchange of substances
the heart
the right pump forces deoxygenated blood to the lungs
after returning to the heart the right pump forces it round the body
the right atrium receives blood through the vena cava
the left atrium receives blood through the pulmonary vein
coronary heart disease
arteries become blocked with fatty material
stents open up the arteries
bypass surgery can also replace coronary arterys
statins lower cholesterol to reduce fatty material
helping the heart
leaky valves cause blood to flow in the wrong direction
artificial or animal valves can reverse damaged valves
if someones heart is faulty or damaged they may require a transplant. donor hearts are not always available so artificial one are being developed
irregular heart beat
artificial pacemaker is electric and can be fitted in the chest
breathing and gas exchange
when you breathe in
muscles contract moving the ribcage up and out
diaphragm contracts and flattens
volume of lungs increase
pressure in lungs decrease and airs draw in
when you breathe out
muscles and diaphragm relax
ribcage moves down and the diaphragm domes
volume of lungs decrease
pressure increases and air is forced out
adaptations of the alveoli
large surface area to absorbs lots of oxygen
lungs are ventilated to maintain a steep concentration gradient
oxygen diffuses into the capillaries and co2 diffuses out
tissues and organs in plants
plant tissues
epidermal: covers the plant
palisade mesophyll: many chloroplasts
spongy mesophyll: large surface area for diffusions of gases
xylem: transports water and dissolved minerals
phloem: transports dissolved food from leaves to the rest of the plant
organs
tissues are arranged to form organs
stems, roots and leaves are plant organs
they form organ systems to transport materials
transport systems in plants
phloem and xylem
all the cells need sugar for respiration
sugar and mineral are needed for growth
water is needed for photosynthesis
water is needed to support the cells
factors effecting transpiration
temperature: as it increases molecules move faster so more water evaporates
humidity: faster in dry air than humid air
air flow: windy conditions increase the rate of evaporation.
light intensity: more light means increases photosynthesis
evaporation and transpiration
water loss from the leaves
gas diffuses in and out through stomata
the size of stomata is controlled by guard cells
water vapour diffuses out of the stomata, this is transpiration
guard cells can close stomata to reduce water loss
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