Literacy Across the Curriculum: reading/writing
across the content areas, integrated instruction.
Application: Use reading passages about
landforms to teach reading skills while
learning about United States geography in
social studies. Include opportunities to read, write, speak, and listen.
Application: Include in the geography lesson
landforms found in
students' home
countries.
Language Experience Approach: provides
experiences that help develop language in context.
Application: Carve a pumpkin in class,
cutting and emptying the pumpkin
together. Talk, read stories and write
about pumpkins and the experiences.
Balanced Reading Approach: a balance between whole
language and phonics instruction.
Application: Teach the /or/ phonics
lesson during a Halloween reading and
writing unit focusing on candy corn.
Cooperative Learning: students work together
to construct knowledge through tasks.
Application: Students work
in cooperative groups to
solve a break out game.
Inquiry: an activity aimed at extracting meaning from experience
Application: Students
design and carry out an
investigation to answer a
question, such as "What
happens to plants if they
are planted too closely
together?"
Process Writing: writing in all subject areas that
requires reflection and revisions
Application: Students write a paragraph that
summarizes the learning in a social studies
unit. They use peer editing and a rubric to
reflect and revise.
Sociocultural Theories
Students learning is impacted through internal
cognitive and affective factors and external social and
cultural factors.
Focuses on learning through social
interaction and cultural context.
Application: Provide opportunities for students two construct
knowledge in groups and through scaffolding,
such as during teacher-student and
student-student discussions.
CALLA Model
Integrates content instruction, academic language
development, and explicit instruction in learning
strategies.
Content instruction based on standards
Why? To develop knowledge, learn skills and
processes, and content is motivating and
interesting.
Help students connect content to
their own cultural backgrounds.
Teach content by linking new to known, providing
experiential learning, and addressing all learning styles.
Academic language: includes listening, speaking, reading, writing
Used for cognitively
demanding tasks
Requires lower-order and
higher-order thinking skills.
Academic Language is essential to success in content
areas and not usually learned outside of school.
Select Academic Language that is relevant
to student needs and learning.
Teach through modeling and providing listening,
speaking and writing opportunities in content areas.
During a lesson about facts and opinions: Students turn and talk about their own
opinions on a given topic, listen to a read aloud and identify facts and opinions, read
examples of facts and opinions, and write examples of facts and opinions. Students
are provided with language supports such as: "According to the text..." and "I disagree
because..."
Strategies instruction helps students
be mentally active and analyze and
reflect on their learning.
Cognitive Approach
Recognizes that memory and processing are
fundamental to learning.
Procedural Memory: what we know how to do,
learned through practice
Application: Students perform a task,
such as measuring liquid volume and
creating a vertical numberline on a
bottle to learn about capacity.
Declarative Memory: information stored in
schemata, content knowledge, learned through
connections to background knowledge.
Application: Before beginning a lesson, do a quick
write listing prior knowledge about the lesson topic.