Marxist Theory of Bourgeoisie Revolution

Descrição

marxist view of French Revolution
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Resumo de Recurso

Marxist Theory of Bourgeoisie Revolution
  1. Must be able to interpret the F R completely to understand complete social structure
    1. Marx + Engels- "B...conquered for itself, in the modern representative state, exclusive political sway"
      1. M- T F R was an e.g of Eng R
        1. B headed movement
        2. non-B + W/C had same interests as B
          1. Even when they fought against B they still had same aim
          2. Rev was European Rev
            1. created a new social order
              1. B overthrowing Feudalism
            2. Bourgeoisie Revolution
              1. Revisionist Against This View
                1. M- B at front of R
                  1. No clear diving line between classes
                    1. B- land owners + some had seigneurial rights
                      1. Peasants revolted against taxes
                        1. 'feudal reaction'
                          1. Peasants- didn't want capitalism moving into rural areas
                            1. R B- made up of declining professional workers
                      2. Revisionists- Furet + Richet- rev did not compromise the Ancien Regime
                        1. T R did not stay with one aim or course throughout
                          1. Jacobins had separate aims from B + masses
                      3. Structure
                        1. rev that promoted capitalism
                          1. change in the pow of S
                            1. B became dominant + capitalism took over
                              1. B led the way in rev but capitalist class still had strong role
                                1. proletarian revs create a socialist system
                                  1. B revs help capitalist production increase and become dominant
                          2. Classical B Rev
                            1. Internal crises within A.R + R/C caused fall- revisionist
                              1. Lenin- w/c did not want to live under A.R + R/C could not continue to do so
                                1. B developed due to their economic prosperity- seigniorial rights + land
                                  1. Mon unstable + so hard to buy nobility
                                    1. some Nobility against others- court nobility disliked
                                      1. Estate G- limits to B advancement + share of pol pow
                                        1. 3rd E dominate
                                          1. clergy- divided
                                            1. nobles- opposed
                                              1. The outvoting of 3.E caused a B Rev- against R/C
                                                1. they challenged mon + R/C
                                                  1. created National Assembly- June 1789
                                                    1. B in control
                                                      1. B capitalist system then in place- based on property and wealth- not birth right- destroying nobility privileges
                                                        1. had to have Paris on their side- Capture of Bastille 14th July
                                                          1. fear of capitalistm in urban areas + high bread prices=
                                                            1. peasant uprisings
                                                              1. Triggered also by 1788-89 economic crisis
                                                              2. Urban movement- driving force of rev
                                                                1. Soboul- "sans- culotterie did not constitute a class"
                                                                  1. Fragile times- rations of food
                                                                    1. united artisans in a common interest + wanted price controls
                                                                      1. Law of the General Maximum 29th Sept 1793- allowed for food for families
                                                                        1. Richet "under Robespierre, blood flowed and there was enough bread...blood no longer flows and there is a shortage...we must spill a little blood before we can get bread"
                                                                2. overthrew feudal system 4th Aug 1789
                                              2. Rich and Poor had increasing tension
                                                1. high food prices
                                                  1. harvest failures
                                                    1. M see the T rev was caused to do B rise due to the resulting increase in Capitalism
                                                      1. B were agents of capitalism
                                                        1. B overtook T monarchies pow
                                                          1. had land and economic pow
                                                            1. mainly due to commerce and industry
                                                              1. Cobben- against this as saw majority of 3.E had nothing to do w commerce.- many B not against feudalism as land/property owners
                                                                1. many brought titles of nobility
                                                                  1. Blanning "with so many B behaving like nobles + so many nobles behaiving like b, it is difficult to find much evidence of class- conflict between T two"
                                                            2. B able to dominate due to the Pol pow of mon collapsing
                                                              1. ran out of money and nobility + aristocrats turning against them due to taxation
                                                                1. Lefebvre saw that Rev began w aristocratic revolt, rather than B - due to reforms
                                                                  1. nobility got support of B which motivated B to pursue own aims

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