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2036467
2.2.1 Alcohols
Descrição
A-level Chemistry (F322) Mapa Mental sobre 2.2.1 Alcohols, criado por phoebers em 15-02-2015.
Sem etiquetas
chemistry
f322
a-level
Mapa Mental por
phoebers
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
phoebers
mais de 9 anos atrás
15
2
0
Resumo de Recurso
2.2.1 Alcohols
solubility
OH on water and alcohol molecules form hydrogen bonds
Volatility
Relatively high boiling & melting points due to hydrogen bonding = low volatility
Fermentation
C6H8O6 --> 2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2
Low temperatures + No oxygen + yeast
Max % = 14
Hydration of ethene
ethene + H2O --> ethanol
steam and acid catalyst
reversible reaction: only 5% produced each time
Uses of Alcohols
Fuel
10% ethanol + petroleum = higher octane grade + burns more clearly
Alcoholic Drinks
brewed
Distilled
Methylated spirits
ethanol + methanol + dye
tax free
solvent
spirit lamps
Primary alcohol
1/no alkyl groups
Secondary alcohol
2 alkyl groups
Tertiary alcohol
3 alkyl groups
Combustion
In excess oxygen to produce CO2 and oxygen
Oxidation
oxidising reagant for primary + secondary alcohols
acidified potassium dichromate
will turn from orange to green
sulfuric acid
Primary & Secondary
acidified potassium dichromate
primary = aldehyde
secondary = ketones
Esterification
alcohol + carboxylic acid + acid catalyst
warm the alcohol
produces an ester + water
Dehydration
Forms an alkene
heated for 40 minutes
in the presence of an acid catalyst
phosphoric acid
sulfuric acid
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