Health and the People part 4: Modern medicine

Treatment of disease
1. New treatments
  1. Penicillin
    1. Targetted staphylococcus bacteria
      1. Hard to get rid of
      2. Killed many
    2. Discovery - 1928
      1. Had been discovered previously
        Lister
        Sanderson
        Nobody said anything about it
        Lack of communication hindering medical progress
      2. Alexander Fleming
        Had some samples of staphylococcus lying around
        Came back from holiday to find some of it had been killed
        Realised it was penicillin fungus that had somehow gotten in
        He wrote about the discovery but did nothing else
        Bad public speaker - couldn't deal with critics
      3. Rediscovery - 1930s
        Florey and Chain
        Stumbled upon Fleming's paper
        Happened to have some mould in the building so why not try it out?
        It was a success
        Tested it on mice
        They survived!
        After their discovery, they wanted to be able to mass produce it
        It would undoubtedly save many lives
        WWII was going on
        Soldiers would have benefitted a lot
        But they encountered many problems
        War meant very limited funds
        Given £25 by the Government
        Equivalent to £1500 today
        Very difficult to purify
        Didn't want it falling into German hands
        However, they managed to overcome these
        Went to US
        Joined Pfizer - pharmaceuticals company
        They had the means to mass-produce penicillin
        Made it inexpensive
        Got enough to prove it works on a human
    3. Significance
      1. Helped many soldiers survive in WWII
      2. Started the major production of antibioics
        Saving many lives to this day
        Still going on
      3. Allowed people to focus on other things rather than this simple infection
      4. Pharmaceutical companies became big
      5. Became available to civilians quickly
The effect of the wars
1. WWI
  1. Problems caused
    1. Less funding at home
    2. Lots of injuries
    3. New, horrible wounds
    4. Hospitals bombed
  2. Where were the wounded cared for?
    1. On the field
      1. Stretcher-bearers
2. WWII

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	Criado por Frank Shrimpton quase 5 anos atrás