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2052418
Atomic Structure
Descrição
A Level Chemistry (Unit 1) Mapa Mental sobre Atomic Structure, criado por Jenni em 17-02-2015.
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unit 1
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chemistry
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atomic structure
chemistry
unit 1
a level
Mapa Mental por
Jenni
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Jenni
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Resumo de Recurso
Atomic Structure
Fundamental Particles that compose atoms
Protons
Found in nucleus
relative mass = 1
Relative charge = +1
Neutrons
Found in nucleus
Relative mass =1
Relative charge = 0
Electrons
Surround the nucleus
Relative mass = 1/1840
Relative Charge = -1
The arrangement of the electrons
Electron shells
1st shell = 2 electrons
2nd shell = 8 electrons
3rd shell = 18 electrons
General formula
number of electrons in shell = 2n²
Electron Diagrams
write the number of electrons in each shell,
inner shell first
Separate numbers with a comma
e.g carbon would be 2,4
Mass number, atomic number and isotopes
Mass Number, A
Number of protons + number of neutrons
the is because the electrons weigh virtually nothing
Atomic Number, Z
Equal to the number of protons
All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number.
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number atomic number, but a different mass number
i.e they have a different number of neutrons
Mass Spectrometry
Ionisation
beam of electrons knock an electron form the outer shell of the sample
This makes them positive ions
Acceleration
Positive ions are attracted to negatively charge plates
Causing the ions to accelerate, the lighter they are the faster they go
Deflection
beam is moved into a magnetic field at right angle to the direction of travel
Deflection depends on the ratio of its mass to charge, heavier ions are deflected less
Detection
The magnetic field is gradually increased so that the ions enter the detector one after another
The ions strike the detector and accept an electron so they are no longer ions
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