It occurred at the plate boundary between the North American plate and the Carribean plate
Conservative plate boundary, so they were moving in the same direction
but one was moving faster than the other, which caused friction in faults in
the margin. The pressure built up and was eventually released in a sudden jerk which caused the quake
EFFECTS
Primary
230,000 dead
300,000 injured
250,000 homes
destroyed. 60% of governmental buildings destoyed, and 90% of overall buildings destroyed.
Over 1000,000 homeless
Secondary
Bodies piled up on streets (morgues/hospitals full) so diseases such as cholera spread
People died of starvation
In 2012 500,000 still homeless or in temporary accomodation
1 in 5 people lost their jobs
RESPONSES
Immediate
The US donated $100 million
The EU donated $300 million
Oridinary citizens helped with the search for survivers, digging with their hands.
Rescue teams sent in and medical supplies, food and water sent in by international aid organisations
Long Term
Aid organisations set up cash/food for work schemes for the 70% still without a job
Temporary schools created with trainee teachers.
The US recently opened two of the piers in the capitals port to allow ships to enter.