League of Nation in the 1920's

Aims
1. Political
  1. discourage aggression through collective security
2. Military
  1. encourage world disarmament
3. Social
  1. improve living and working conditions
4. Economic
  1. get countries to co-operate rather than compete in business and trade
Membership
1. Aim: have a broad membership
  1. Weakness: quality of membership
    1. Germany / USSR not allwoed to join
    2. USA refused to join (return to isolationism
    3. Britain and France are too weak to lead
  2. Strength: quantity of membership
    1. 42 members in 1919
    2. 65 members in 1939
Structure
1. Aim: to be efficient and effective
  1. Failures
    1. No army = weak
    2. Urgent matters require a unanimous decision = time consuming
  2. Successes
    1. Administration = clear
      1. Assembly
        between 42 and 65 members
        every member has one vote and up to 3 representatives
        a majority vote was sufficient = quick, effective
        met once a year to review the Council's activities and discuss plans, procedure and membership
      2. Council
        4 permanent members = Britain, France, Itlay and Japan ; 10 temporary members eleceted from time to time by the Assembly
        met up to 5 times a year to discuss urgent issues as they arose
        every member had just one vote
      3. International Court of Justice
        Permanently available
        15 judges elected by the Council and Assembly
        investigate international disputes between member nations and decided who was guilty
    2. Actions = flexible and scale upwards
      1. a. Moral condemnation
        official, public criticism of the aggressor
      2. b. Economic sanctions
        League members refuse to trade with the aggressor
      3. c. Military force
        League uses its own army to attack the aggressor
Borders
1. Aim: settle disputes peacefully
  1. Failures
    1. Rhur (1923)
      1. Situation: France and Belgium invaded the Rhur after Germany failed to pay the latest installement of reparations
        League's response: do nothing. America interviened and came up with the Dawes plan: Germany pays the reparations over a longer period of time.
    2. Bulgaria (1925)
      1. Situation: a Greek soldier crossed the Bulgarian border to fetch his stray dog and he was shot down. Greece invaded Bulgaria and the Bulgarians asked for the League's help
        League's response: Greece were ordered to withdraw and recieved no compensation When Italy invaded a Greek port after one of theirs was shot, they recieved compensation (double standards)
  2. Successes
    1. Aaland Islands (1921)
      1. Situation: Finland and Sweden both wanted control of the islands, as they were an important strategic position. They ask the League who should own them
        League's response: give the islands to Finland, but they remain permanently demilitarised. Peaceful solution still in place today
    2. Teschen (1919)
      1. Situation: Poland and Czechoslovakia both want control of the small mining town rich in coal.
        League's solution: give Poland more land space in the town, but the area Czechoslovakia recieve is richer in coal. Creative solution that kept both countries happy.
Social Affairs
1. Aim: to improve working and living conditions
  1. ILO
    1. Problem: terrible working conditions create social distress, which could lead to communist revlutionaires gaining support
      1. Solution: Banned lead from white paint
  2. WHO (World Health Organisation)
    1. Problem 1: malaria was killing lots of people in African mandates
      1. Solution 1: an extermination program to contain malaria began
    2. Problem 2: typhus epidemic in the USSR. Didn't want it to reach Europe
      1. Solution 2: contain the epidemic in the USSR by providing medical support to the European border
  3. Refugee Org.
    1. Problem: lots of Russians were against communism and were feeling to Europe
      1. Solution: hand out Nansen passports (temporary European passports) to Russian immigrants. Over 450 000 passports were handed out
  4. Slavery Org.
    1. Problem: there was lots of locals enslaved in Sierra Leone
      1. Solution: 200 000 slaves were liberated in Sierra Leone
Disarmament
1. Aim: promote world disarmament
  1. Why were coutries unwilling to disarm?
    1. Britain
      1. Washington Conference: Britain need a bigger arm from the next to defend her empire
        Prevents an arms race, but means the production of more ships
    2. France
      1. Maginaot line: France fortified all the border she shared with Germany
        felt the need to protect herself
        production of more weapons and artillerty
    3. Germany
      1. Rapallo treaties: Germany has a secret agreement with the USSR that said they could produce weapons in Russia
        Germany were regaining weapons
        production of more weapons, could lead to war
  2. Successes
    1. German force reduced to 100 000 men, 6 boats and no aircraft
  3. Failures
    1. only Germany disarmed,
      1. gives them an excuse to rearm
    2. Maginot line: France produced more weapons and artillery to reinforce her German border

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	Criado por Bethany Ledoux mais de 9 anos atrás