BIRTH WEIGHT

DEFINITION
1. NORMAL BIRTH WEIGHT
  1. Infant weighing between 2500g to 4000g irrespective of gestational age
2. LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW)
  1. Infant weighing less than 2500g irrespective of gestational age
3. VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (VLBW)
  1. Infant weighing less than 1500g irrespective of gestational age
4. EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (ELBW)
  1. Infant weighing less than 1000g irrespective of gestational age
FACTORS
1. PRIMARY FACTORS
  1. PRETERM BIRTH
    1. Born early (<37 weeks gestation, and often <30 weeks), less time in the mother’s womb to gain weight. Much of the weight is gained in the later stages of the pregnancy
  2. INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (IUGR)
    1. Problems with placenta, maternal health or birth defects
2. MATERNAL FACTORS
  1. MATERNAL WEIGHT & BMI
    1. <45kg and underweight
  2. MATERNAL AGE
    1. <20yrs and >35yrs
  3. EDUCATION
    1. Lack of knowledge on prenatal care, proper diet during pregnancy and effects of maternal behaviour on fetus
  4. HISTORY OF LBW
    1. Mothers with familial vertical history of LBW or experienced of having LBW infant
  5. SOSIOECONOMIC CONDITION
    1. Deprived socioeconomic level such as unhygienic environment and improper diet
  6. SMOKING, ALCOHOL & DRUG ABUSE
    1. Interrupt the baby’s growth in the womb and increase the risk for premature birth and birth defects
3. PREGNANCY RISK FACTORS
  1. SUPPLEMENTATIONS
    1. Percentage of LBW babies is higher in mothers who had not taken iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements
  2. MULTIPLE PREGNANCY
    1. Multiple parity (twin or more) is associated with LBW
  3. INTER-PREGNANCY INTERVAL
    1. Interval less than 1 year cause mothers unable to recover from the biological stresses from the previous pregnancy
  4. MALNUTRITION
    1. Proper nutrients are needed for fetus growth, malnourished mothers increase risk of LBW infants
  5. MATERNAL INFECTIONS
    1. Chronic infections such as UTI, STI, malaria or kidney infection during pregnancy result in direct intrauterine growth leading to LBW
CONSEQUENCES
1. SHORT TERM
  1. LBW
  2. VLBW & ELBW
2. LONG TERM
  1. ELBW
  2. VLBW
  3. LBW
3. = Complications are markedly increased in VLBW, and especially ELBW, infants.
  1. The lower a baby's birthweight, the greater are the risks for complications

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	Criado por Nur Ain Natasha Ashar aproximadamente 4 anos atrás