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244094
Science as a belief system
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A-Levels Sociology (Beliefs in Society) Mapa Mental sobre Science as a belief system, criado por Gabzay em 01-10-2013.
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a2 level
beliefs in society
sociology
sociology
beliefs in society
a-levels
Mapa Mental por
Gabzay
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Gabzay
aproximadamente 11 anos atrás
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Science as a belief system
Open Belief System
Popper
Every scientists' theories are open to scrutiny, criticism and testing by others
Science is governed by the principle of falsification
Scientific knowledge is not sacred or absolute truth
Scientific knowledge is cumulative - builds on the achievements of previous scientists to develop greater understanding of the world
Merton
Science needs an 'ethos' or set of norms that make scientists act in ways that serve the goal of increasing scientific knowledge
CUDOS
Communism - knowledge must be shared with the scientific community
Universalism - knowledge is judged by a universal, objective testing criteria
Disinterestedness - seeking knowledge for its own sake
Organised Scepticism - every theory is open to criticism and testing
Where knowledge claims are open to questioning
Closed Belief System
Kuhn
E.g. Dr Velikovsky challenged the fundamental assumptions of the paradigm and was ridiculed and hounded out of the profession
Science is based on a set of shared assumptions - a paradigm
The paradigm tells scientists what methods and equipment to use
Knorr-Cetina
What scientists study in the laboratory is highly 'constructed' and far removed from the natural world that they are supposedly studying
E.g. water is specially purified, animals are specially bred and so on
Polanyi
Closed belief systems sustain themselves using three devices
Circularity - each idea in the system is explained in terms of another
Subsidiary explanations -
Denial of legitimacy to rivals - belief systems reject alternative worldviews by refusing to grant any legitimacy to their basic assumptions
Where knowledge claims cannot be challenged and overturned
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