2495892
Descrição
Mapa Mental por Sam Dickman, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Sam Dickman
mais de 9 anos atrás
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CPU STUFF
- The purpose of the CPU is processing data. The CPU is the
core of every computer system and has two main
components: The control unit uses electrical signals to direct
the system to execute the instructions in stored programs.
The ALU – Arithmetic and Logic Unit – carries out all of the
arithmetic and logical operations, including: Addition;
Subtraction; Comparisons (for example, equal to, less than,
greater than).
- The fetch–execute cycle: When the computer
is switched on it starts to run an endless
fetch–execute cycle: The programs the CPU
needs to process are stored in the main
memory. The CPU fetches the next instruction,
decodes it and executes it before repeating the
process.
- The boot program Immediately after being switched on,
the CPU looks in a specific location in read only
memory (ROM) for the first program to load and
execute. This is the boot sequence. The boot process gets
the computer up and running and the operating system
started. After this initial boot process is complete,
control is handed to the operating system to provide the
programs for the CPU to run.
- What characteristics affect the performance of the CPU? The
clock speed – how quickly the CPU processes instructions: The
clock chip uses a vibrating crystal that maintains a constant rate
and all processes are synchronised to this clock signal. The clock
speed is measured in Hertz(Hz) or cycles per second. A clock
speed of 600 Hz would be 600 cycles per second. GHz means
billions of cycles per second, so a typical clock speed of 3 GHz
would mean 3 billion cycles per second.
- The number of cores – how many instructions it can
process at a time: A multiple core processor has
more than one CPU In a dual core CPU, two CPUs
work together Since these can fetch, decode and
execute instructions at the same time, the computer
is able to process more instructions.
- Data is moved around the computer on buses. Bus speed affects
how quickly the computer can move data, and therefore has an
effect on the speed of the computer. A bus is simply a circuit
that connects one part of the motherboard to another. The speed
of the bus, measured in MHz (millions of cycles per second),
refers to how much data can move across the bus at the same
time.
- Cache memory is very fast memory that can work at speed similar to
the CPU, but it is very expensive and only used to store data waiting to
be processed by the CPU. Cache memory is usually provided in much
smaller sizes than the main memory, megabytes, MB as opposed to
gigabytes, GB (1GB = 1024 MB) Cache memory is located very close
to the CPU to minimise access times. A mid-range laptop might have
8GB of RAM but only 2 or 3 MB of cache memory.
- Zoom in on image
- Zoom in on image
- A typical Intel CORE i5
processor Intel i5-3210M 2.5
GHz clock speed (2.5 billion
operations per second) 2 cores
5MB cache memory
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