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2535680
F324 All Reactions
Descrição
Inorganic Chemistry F325 (Module.3 Transition Elements) Mapa Mental sobre F324 All Reactions, criado por mayy em 19-04-2015.
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inorganic chemistry f325
module.3 transition elements
Mapa Mental por
mayy
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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mayy
mais de 9 anos atrás
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F324 All Reactions
Alkanes
Combustion
Incomplete
Forms CO/C + H2O
Carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin irreversably so can be toxic
Complete
Forms CO2 + H2O
As size of molecules increase the more Van Der Waals Forces there are so they don't vaporise as easily and so are harder to ignite
Halogenation
R-CH3 + Cl2 --> R-CH2Cl + HCl
Cracking
Hydrocarbons are split in to smaller more useful molecules
Alkenes
Hydrogenation
Alkene + H2 --> Alkane
100% Atom Economy
Nickel Catalyst at 150˚c
Halogenation (Electrophilic Addition)
Alkene + Halogen --> Halogenoalkane
with Hydrogen Halides
Reaction Rates
HI HBr HCl HF
Halogenoalkanes
Nucleophili c Substitution
Elimination
with Ammonia
Alcohols
Oxidation
Primary
Forms Aldehyde
CH3CH2OH + [O] --> CH3CHO + H2O
Further Oxidation forms a Carboxylic acud
CH3CHO + [O] --> CH3COOH
Tertiary
Do not oxidise as no Hydrogen atoms on the carbon to set up the C=O bond
Secondary
Forms a Ketone
CH3CHOHCH3 + [O] --> CH3C=OCH3 + H2O
Reducing Agent: K2Cr2O7
Cr₂O₇²- + 14H⁺ + 6e⁻ --> 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂o
Primary: Green Secondary : Green Tertiary : Orange
Dehydration
CH3CH2OH --> H2C=CH2 + H2O
Reagants and COnditions: Heated with excess conc H3PO4 at 170℃
with Sodium
CH₃CH₂OH + 2Na --> 2CH₃CH₂O⁻Na⁺ + H₂
With Hydrogen Halides
R-OH + HX --> R-X + H2O
Acid Anhydrides
Esters
Hydrolysis
Acid
Ester + H⁺ --> Carboxylic acid + Alcohol
Reagants and COnditions: Dilute HCL heated under reflux
Alkali
Ester + OH⁻ --> Carboxylate salt + Alcohol
Reagants and Conditions: Dilute NaOH heated under reflux
Polyesters
Aldehydes
Ketones
Carboxylic Acids
Amines
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