MOTION

MOTION

Describing Motion?
1. Motion: An object is in motion if its distance from another object is changing
2. Reference Point(s): A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion
  1. An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point
  2. Stationary Objects (Tree, sign, building), make good reference points
    1. If a passenger is moving relative to a tree, it's concluded that the train is in motion
3. Relative Motion
  1. "Calculation of the motion of an object with regard to some other moving object."
4. Measuring Distance
  1. We use units of measurement to describe motion precisely
  2. International System of Units, In French: System International (SI)
    1. Scientists all over the world need to use the same unit of measurement in order to communicate clearly
      1. Meter: A unit of measurement
      2. Use SI units to describe quantities other than length
Speed?
1. Calculating Speed
  1. A measurement of distance can tell you how far an object travels
  2. If you know the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time, you can calculate the speed of the object.
2. Speed: A type of rate
  1. Rate tells the amount of something that occurs or changes in one unit of time
  2. Speed of an object is the distance the object travels per unit of time
3. Speed Equation
  1. Speed = Distance/Time
    1. To calculate the speed of an object, divide the distance the object travels by the amount of time it takes to travel that distance
4. Average Speed
  1. To calculate average speed, divide the total distance traveled by the total time
5. Instantaneous Speed
  1. The rate at which an object is moving at a given instant in time
Velocity?
1. Knowing the speed at which something travels doesn't tell everything about motion
  1. To describe an objects motion completely, you need to know the direction of motion
2. Velocity: Speed in a given direction
  1. When you know both the speed and direction of an object's motion, you know the velocity of the object
Graphing Motion?
1. You can show the motion of an object on a line graph in which you plot distance versus time
2. Slope: Steepness of a line on a graph
  1. Slope tells how fast a variable changes in relation to another variable
  2. The steeper the slope, the greater the speed.
  3. Constant slope represents motion at a constant speed
  4. Slope = Rise/Run
3. Calculating Slope
  1. You can calculate slope of a line by dividing the rise by run
  2. Slope = Rise/Run
4. Different Slopes
  1. Most moving objects don't travel at a constant speed
Acceleration?
1. Acceleration: The rate at which velocity changes
  1. In science, acceleration refers to increasing speed, or changing direction
2. Increasing Speed: When an object's speed increases, the object accelerates
3. Decreasing Speed: When an object's speed decreases, the object slows down
4. Changing Direction: An object that is accelerating, but changing speed
5. To determine acceleration of an object moving in a straight line, you must calculate the change in speed per unit of time
6. Acceleration = Final Speed - Initial Speed/Time
7. You can use both a speed-versus-time graph and a distance-versus-time graph to analyze the motion of an accelerating object.

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