Acids, Bases & Salts

Acids
1. A SUBSTANCE THAT BREAKS APART TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN IONS (H+)
  1. HCl & HNO3
    1. Monobasic: Produce 1 Hydrogen ion
    2. Mineral Acids/Strong Acid
    3. HNO3: Used in fertilisers and explosives
  2. H2SO4
    1. Dibasic: Produce 2 Hydrogen ions
    3. Used in Car Batteries, detergents, fibres and pigments
2. Properties
  1. Conducts Electricity
  2. pH= < 7
  3. Corrosive
  4. Neutralises Bases and Alkalis
  5. Weak Acids taste Sour
Alkalis & Bases
1. Alkali: Soluble Base
  1. Strong Alkali: Completely Ionised
    1. NaOH
      1. Used in soap and oven cleaner
    2. KOH
    3. pH = 11-14
  2. Weak Alkali: Partially Ionised
    1. NH3
      1. pH = 8-11
      2. Used in fertilisers nitric acid and nylon
  3. Properties
    1. Conducts Electricity
    2. pH = > 7
    3. Corrosive Liquids
    4. Neutralise Acids
    5. Weak Alkalis feel soapy
2. Base: Substance that reacts to form Salt and Water only
Indicators
1. Litmus Paper
  1. Red
    1. In Acid: Red
    2. In neutral: Red
    3. In acid: Blue
  2. Blue
    1. In Acid: Red
    2. In neutral: Blue
    3. In Alkali: Blue
2. Phenolphthalein
  1. In Acid: Colourless
  2. In Alkalis: Pink
3. Methyl Orange
  1. In Acid: Red
  2. In Alkali: Yellow
4. Universal Indicator
  1. Strong Acid/Dilute Hydrochloric Acid: 0-2
  2. Weak Acid/Ethanoic Acid: 3-4
  3. Weak Acid/Rain Water: 5-6
  4. Neutral/Water or Sodium Chloride: 7
  5. Weak Alkali: 8-9
  6. Weak Alkali/Ammonia: 10-11
  7. Strong Alkali/Sodium Carbonate or Sodium Hydroxide: 12-14
Neutralisation
1. H+ + OH- = H20
2. Occurs when H+ ions react with OH- ions to form water

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	Criado por Dan Matchett mais de 9 anos atrás