2756334
Descrição
Mapa Mental por ironicmacaroon, atualizado more than 1 year ago
|
Criado por ironicmacaroon
mais de 9 anos atrás
|
|
Muscles
- Synovial joints
- muscles produce force
by contraction
- therefore you'll require 2
muscles to make a joint
move 2 ways
- when one muscle
contracts, the other
must relax
- coordination of oppositely pulling muscles
- ANTAGONISTIC
- ANTAGONISTIC
- coordination of oppositely pulling muscles
- when one muscle
contracts, the other
must relax
- therefore you'll require 2
muscles to make a joint
move 2 ways
- joints may be controlled by
groups of muscles working
together
- SYNERGISTS
- SYNERGISTS
- i.e. elbow
- muscles produce force
by contraction
- Muscle Types
- Cardiac muscle
- made of atrial and
ventricular muscle
- striated
- striated
- powerful
- no fatigue
- no fatigue
- excitory
(conductive),
contract feebly but
conduct
- made of cells in rows,
called intercalated disks
- form gap junctions,
allows free flow of
ions
- action potential --> v. quick
- action potential --> v. quick
- form gap junctions,
allows free flow of
ions
- made of atrial and
ventricular muscle
- Involuntary
(smooth) muscle
- controlled by
autonomic
nervous system
- not striated
- single nucleus
- contraction is slow
- no fatigue
- no fatigue
- e.g. arterial walls, intestine (peristalsis),
iris of eye (circular and radial)
- controlled by
autonomic
nervous system
- Voluntary (skeletal) muscle
- made of myosin and actin
- multi-nucleated
- made of fibres which are
covered by a cell surface
membrane
- muscle cell cytoplasm = sarcoplasm
- many mitocondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum
- many mitocondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum
- striated
- powerful
- but fatigues
- but fatigues
- made of myosin and actin
- Cardiac muscle
- myosin is a polypeptide with 2
attachment/binding sites
complementary to ATP and actin
- Actin is made of 2
types of polypeptide
- 2 strands of actin (which
has myosin binding sites)
- Tropomyosin (blocks
actin binding site for
myosin)
- Troponin (binds to Ca2+, actin
and tropomyosin)
- 2 strands of actin (which
has myosin binding sites)
- Sliding Filament Theory
- 1. Action Potential travels down a motor neurone and
triggers release of Ca2+ ions into muscles from sarcoplasmic
reticulum
- 2, Ca2+ combines with troponin
- 3. Troponin changes shape
- 4.Troponin pulls tropomyosin off actin, exposing
actin binding site for myosin
- 5. Myosin binds to actin and forms
myosin actin crossbridges
- 6. Myosin pulls the actin over it -- the POWER STROKE
- 7. Myosin releases the actin and actin returns
- ATP is needed to form and break cross bridges
- ATP is needed to form and break cross bridges
- 1. Action Potential travels down a motor neurone and
triggers release of Ca2+ ions into muscles from sarcoplasmic
reticulum
- Neuromuscular junctions
- 1. Action Potential arrives at neuromuscular junction
- 2.Vesicles containing ACh move and fuse with presynaptic membrane
- 3. Releases ACh by exocytosis
- 4. ACh diffuses across neuro muscular junction
- 5. ACh binds to complementary receptors on postsynaptic membrane
- 6. t-tubules carry depolarisation deep into the muscle. This causes sarcoplasmic reticulum
to release Ca2+
- 6. t-tubules carry depolarisation deep into the muscle. This causes sarcoplasmic reticulum
to release Ca2+
- 5. ACh binds to complementary receptors on postsynaptic membrane
- 4. ACh diffuses across neuro muscular junction
- 3. Releases ACh by exocytosis
- 2.Vesicles containing ACh move and fuse with presynaptic membrane
- 1. Action Potential arrives at neuromuscular junction
Quer criar seus próprios Mapas Mentais gratuitos com a GoConqr? Saiba mais.