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28616515
fracture in the arm
Descrição
Mapa Mental sobre fracture in the arm, criado por Batoul jahed em 08-02-2021.
Mapa Mental por
Batoul jahed
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Batoul jahed
mais de 3 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
fracture in the arm
first aid of fractures
1. Stop bleeding 2. Avoid moving the affected area 3. Cool the affected area 4. Treat the patient's shock 5. Call the ambulance
A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone or cartilage.
common causes: falls, car accidents, direct blow, pathological
pathological causes: osteoporosis, low BMD
signs and symptoms: pain, bleeding, numbness, swelling and tenderness, limitation of movement
types of bone fractures
Salter-Harris Fractures
Fractures that involve the epiphyseal plate alone or in combination with a part of the bone.
brachial plexus
the sets of nerves supplying the shoulder, upper and lower hand
bone fractures can affect the nerves near the fracture
eg: wrist drop, the radial nerve is affected
physiotherapy for wrist drop
wrist flexion and extension stretch, supination, grip strengthening
eg: surgical neck fractures can cause damage to the axillary nerve
Management of Bone Fracture
Stop any bleeding immobilization
put a Plaster casts or plastic functional braces
cast types :
plastic, synthetic, splint (half cast), cast brace
Cast complications
Compartment syndrome
pressure sores
Thermal Injuries
Dermatitis
Joint stiffness
fracture may require surgery, metal plates inserted and physiotherapy
anatomy of the arm
+ the radius and ulna
Fracture healing
direct (primary) healing
Indirect (secondary) healing
steps :
acute inflammation
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSc) recruitment
Callus formation
Neo-angiogenesis
Resorption and replacement of soft cartilaginous callus by hard callus
Remodeling of bone
Sensory Neurons
5 main types
photoreceptors
chemoreceptors
mechanoreceptros
thermoreceptors
nociceptors (pain)
Neurological examination of the upper limbs
used to assess
Tone, Reflexes, Power and Sensory function
examines the shoulder, elbow and wrists
radiography and x-rays
types : X-rays and fluoroscopy
it detects :
fractures. dislocation, subluxation
Psychological Complications after a bone fracture
Adjustment Disorder (Situational Depression)
Acute stress disorder/ Post-traumatic stress disorder
Depression and anxiety
limiting participation in physical activities
Ways to Cope
an exercise that does not put undue stress on your healing limb
seek support from family member/care giver
online support groups
Bone Tissue
specialized hard type of C.T., with calcified extra-cellular matrix
rich blood supply
Dynamic( constantly changes shape
covered all around my the bone membrane called the periosteum
periosteum has a v.rich blood supply + provides stem cells for bone repair and growth
endosteum: lines the bone marrow
Bone Cells
Osteoprogenitor cells
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
Osteoblasts
The stem cells of the bones
Osteocytes
mature bone cells
Osteoclasts
bone destroying cells
Anexos de mídia
Bone (binary/octet-stream)
Brachial (binary/octet-stream)
Bone+Arm (binary/octet-stream)
Arm+Muscle (binary/octet-stream)
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