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Sustainability
- Definitions
- Conservation is the active management of habitats in
order to maintain or even increase the biodiversity
within them. it allows sustainable use of the resources.
- Preservation is keeping things as
they are by banning or restricting
human exploitation/contact.
- Conservation is the active management of habitats in
order to maintain or even increase the biodiversity
within them. it allows sustainable use of the resources.
- Sustainable production in a temperate country
- Coppicing
- This is used because it
takes advantage that
deciduous trees don't die
when they are cut down.
- Trees are coppiced for their wood and in the following year,
lots of new stems are produced. After nine years, a few
stems have produced significant growth and this wood can
be harvested.
- Rotational coppicing is a coppicing
cycle where each year a different are
is coppiced.
- It maintains
biodiversity.
- It maintains
biodiversity.
- Coppicing with standards is where not all trees in
an area are coppiced but they are allowed to
grow to full standards (referred to as a standard).
- It opens up the
woodlands increasing
the light levels on the
woodlands and so
increases biodiversity.
- Very labour intensive and is so
usually done on a small scale.
- It opens up the
woodlands increasing
the light levels on the
woodlands and so
increases biodiversity.
- This is used because it
takes advantage that
deciduous trees don't die
when they are cut down.
- Felling
- Clear felling is the removal of all trees.
- Selective felling is felling of the
largest, most valuable trees while
leaving other trees alone.
- Useful on steep slopes which
reduces the risk of erosion and
maintenance of nutrients in the soil.
- Useful on steep slopes which
reduces the risk of erosion and
maintenance of nutrients in the soil.
- Clear felling is the removal of all trees.
- Pollarding
- This is like coppicing but involves
cutting the tree higher up and is
useful for places where the deer
population is high, as they like to
eat the emerging shoots.
- This is like coppicing but involves
cutting the tree higher up and is
useful for places where the deer
population is high, as they like to
eat the emerging shoots.
- Rotational times
- The longer the rotational time,
the more species diversity.The
shorter the rotational time, the
higher the economic benefit.
- Shorter the rotational time, the
more damaging it is because
of the damaging machinery.
- The longer the rotational time,
the more species diversity.The
shorter the rotational time, the
higher the economic benefit.
- Sustainability in the UK.
- Every part of the country has drawn up
Biodiversity Action Plans, setting out priorities
for conservation of species and habitats.
- On a local level, a variety of organisations
take on responsibility for determining
precise targets for conservation in their
area, and drawing up detailed plans.
- On a local level, a variety of organisations
take on responsibility for determining
precise targets for conservation in their
area, and drawing up detailed plans.
- Habitat types are identified that should
be considered for conservation.
- Areas are designated SSSI for protection.
- Plans usually involve the
conservation of key species.
- Surveys to identify what
species live there and their
needs.
- Threats are
identified:pollution,
animals and humans.
- Aims are used to maintain or increase biodiversity.
- Local people are active in
management.
- Every part of the country has drawn up
Biodiversity Action Plans, setting out priorities
for conservation of species and habitats.
- Coppicing
- Efficient production
- Use of the most of the tree with little wastage.
- Matching the tree species to the climate,
topography and soil type. Planting trees the correct
distance apart: too close-thin, tall and competition,
too far away-not efficient use of the land.
- Dynamic as conservation is constantly changing because
it requires active management to adapt to ecosystems.
- Use of the most of the tree with little wastage.
- Why is conservation needed?
- Natural resources were
previously used on a small
scale but due to the
exponential population growth,
humans need more intense
methods to exploit resources.
- Economic
- Ability to use
resources: medicinal
drugs, harvesting
fish and tourism.
- Ability to use
resources: medicinal
drugs, harvesting
fish and tourism.
- Social
- Aesthetic reasons.
- Aesthetic reasons.
- Ethical
- Human responsibility.
- Human responsibility.
- Natural resources were
previously used on a small
scale but due to the
exponential population growth,
humans need more intense
methods to exploit resources.
- Galapagos Islands
- Located on the equator to
the west of Ecuador.
- Made of 24 islands.
- Live in isolation from S. America.
- Allopatric
(geographical)
isolation.
- Allopatric
(geographical)
isolation.
- Live in isolation from S. America.
- Large number of
endemic species.
- Visited by Charles
Darwin in 1835 and
discovered evolution.
- Threats to species
- Population growth. People moving from Ecuador.
- Overfishing; sea cucumbers are under threat.
- Tourism: expensive destination
but many people are interested in
the endemic species.
- Introduction of exotic species and human activity are the main threats to the Galapagos Islands.
- Population growth. People moving from Ecuador.
- Conservation projects
- Goat culling
- Humanely killed as the goats out-compete other
species. Use of trained hunters, high performance
weapons and GPS. Goats wore radio collars.
- Increase in vegetation, e.g. fern, trees and other vegetation.
- Increase in vegetation, e.g. fern, trees and other vegetation.
- Humanely killed as the goats out-compete other
species. Use of trained hunters, high performance
weapons and GPS. Goats wore radio collars.
- Captive breeding of giant tortoises
- Goat culling
- Located on the equator to
the west of Ecuador.
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