INTERVIEWS

Anotações:

• Por Alberto challa y karen Martinez

1. Definition
   1. "Involve a set of assumptions and understandings about the situation which are not normally associated with a casual conversation" (Denscombe 1998:: 109). The main objective of an interview is to obtain information in an oral and personalized way about events, experiences, opinions of people. Always, participate as minimum two people generating an interaction between the two around a study theme. When in the interview there is more than one person interviewed, a group interview will be carried out.
2. Types
   1. There are 3 types of interviews: unstructured, semi-structured and structured.
      1. The unstructured interview is a very flexible approach. Areas of interest are established by the researcher but the discussion of issues is guided by the interviewee. This allows some control over the interview for both interviewer and interviewee. However, unstructured interviews can be difficult to plan (in terms of the time to be given to the event), they are difficult to ‘steer’ if the discussion gets away from the key subject matter, and they can prove extremely difficult to analyse.
         1. There is less flexibility with the semi-structured interview. The interviewer directs the interview more closely. More questions are predetermined than with the unstructured interview, though there is sufficient flexibility to allow the interviewee an opportunity to shape the flow of information.
            1. In the structured interview, it is decided in advance what type of information is wanted and in Based on this, a fixed and sequential interview script is established. The interviewer follows the order marked and the questions are intended to be answered briefly. The interviewee it should be limited to this preset script.
3. Procedures
   1. 1. Elaboration: select a topic and ask questions based on the selected topic, especially questions that require data collection.
      1. 2. Select a sample of the interviewees and conduct the interview: The first step to follow is to identify the specific people who will participate in the app. Although, in the previous stage, describe the general characteristics of the informants (what is called a sample in a research process) will have served to select the most appropriate technique and the type of information to be can obtain, at this moment it is about accessing a number of informants who is meaningful to the work being done. In studies with a qualitative orientation, non-probability sampling is used
         1. 3. analysis phase: The main objective of data analysis is to make sense of the information collected, systematizing it to be able to describe and analyze the results. This analysis takes place simultaneously with obtaining the information. its about a process reflective, cyclical, systematic and creative (Coffey & Atkinson, 2003). The procedure of information analysis we use to examine information collected from through qualitative information gathering techniques; in this case, through the interview is systematic content analysis
4. Data analysis
   1. Interviews can last more than an hour ---> greater understanding of the meaning and importance of what is happening. This allows control over the interview for both the interviewer and the interviewee. The interviewer has control over the order of the questions. Audio-recorded interviews ---> can be transcribed. Videotaped interviews ---> can be transcribed ---> capture the visual components of an interview. Eliminate ambiguous questions. The final stage of the interview process begins by gathering the collected data and structuring it in such a way that it is ready for analysis ---> grouping the responses to each question from all interviewees to facilitate comparison between respondents. It allows you to easily identify and quantify issues, problems and concerns. Computer tools. NU.DIST and NVIVO ---> facilitate questioning and analysis of qualitative interview data.
5. Uses
   1. Huge and vast amount of information in a short period of time. Get detailed information on a topic. Greater importance to the research topic. Greater understanding of the meaning and importance of what is happening. Allows you to schedule the event with some precision. A list of key questions to be covered  important questions, logical progression. General opening questions to more specific and focused questions. Audio, video and phone recording  are transcribed for analysis. Decide how many interviewees you will need and who you should interview. Describing the purpose of the interview.