Theories Of Deviance

Major Perspectives
1. The Structural Perspective
  1. The Structural Functionalism
    1. Society is a moral phenomenon
      1. - Behave - Wants - Identities - Learned in childhood
    2. Societies with high social integration- High conformity with little deviance
      1. Anomie- people become distant
    3. -Deviance functional for society
      1. - Violations give social response - Deviance reminds what is acceptable or not
  2. Strain Theory
    1. -Culture dictates success - Access limited to certain classes
    2. - Choosing deviant alternatives - Deviance lies in social structure
  3. Differential Opportunity
    1. Reformulation of Merton- Some groups have less opportunity for success - Not all disadvantaged people have same opportunity for deviance
    2. Deviant Opportunities
      1. - Criminal - Conflict - Retreatist
        - Neighborhood Rife with crime - Racial people dominate illegal businesses - Men in leadership posts - Conflict over definitions of deviance
  4. Feminist Theory
    1. Patriarchal Structure
      1. -Responsible for discrimination of women - pervades culture
      2. - Includes Laws - Women disadvantaged - Male centered
  5. Conflict Theory
    1. - Structural view - Society seen as conflictual - Incompatible interests of diverse groups lead to conflict
2. The Cultural Perspective
  1. Control Theory Of Delinquency
    1. -Focus on micro level - Reverse the question - Ask why and what
      1. - Social control resides in the extent to develop a bond - Less likely to risk loss - Less deviance if society is able to foster greater bonds and stake
  2. Subculture Theory
    1. Deviance was collective act carried out by groups - Multiple groups exist factions within and across groups - Each group has distinct norms and values
  3. Culture Conflict Theory
    1. Overlap between American culture and subcultures
      1. Differences may lead to conflict
        - People migrate or cross to another territory - One group invades another - Border area two groups have regular contact
  4. Reaction Theory
    1. - Builds on subcultural conflict idea - Focus on working class - Lower class boys cannot succeed middle class expectations
      1. - Status frustration - Negative behavior
  5. Lower Class Culture Theory
    1. At odds with values
      1. - Getting in trouble - Thoughness - Autonomy - Street smarts - Excitement - Fatalistic
  6. Differential Association Theory
    1. - Actual situational dynamics between macro structures and micro individuals - Socially Learned
      1. - Learning from closest intimates - Circle of contacts adopt deviant behavior
  7. Drift Theory
    1. - Movement into deviant subcultures through a drift - Old circle left - Person drifts between deviance and conformity - No commitment
  8. Labeling Theory
    1. - Drift between deviance and conformity no longer option once branded as deviant - How people are defined - Interaction between society and the individual
Functionalism
1. Crime is normal part of societie
  1. - Crime is constant - Crime is collective
Social Structure & Cultural Structures
1. -1st- Defines goals - 2nd- Defines controls and regulates
Types of Individual adaption
1. - Conformity -Innovation - Ritualism - Retreatism - Rebellion -
Control Theory
1. Eements of bond
  1. - Attatchments - Commitment -Involvement - Belief

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	Criado por jsimek aproximadamente 9 anos atrás