Encephalon

Encephalon

Mesencephalon
1. Midbrain
  1. PAG
    1. opiate receptor
      1. norepinephrine
      2. serotonin
  2. tectum
    1. rostral colliculus
      1. control eye position
    2. caudal colliculus
      1. auditory
  3. pretectal region
    1. reflex of pupil size in response to light
  4. caudal commissure
    1. pupillary light reflex
  5. cerebral peduncle
    1. tegmentum
      1. red nucleus
    2. substantia nigra
      1. dopamine neuron
        Parkinson
    3. crus cerebri
    4. interpeduncular nucleus
      1. input from limbic structure
2. Mesencephalic aqueduct
Prosencephalon
1. Telencephalon
  1. Cerebrum
    1. white matter
      1. projection fiber
        internal capsule
        rostral crus
        genu (body)
        caudal crus
      2. commissural fiber
        corpus callosum
        intercommunicate
        rostral commissure
        commissure of fornix
      3. association fiber
        short association fiber
        long association fiber
        corona radiata
    2. gray matter
      1. cerebral cortex
        archicortex
        hippo campus
        short to long-term memory
        limbic system
        paleocortex
        rhinencephalon/olfaction
        olfactory bulb
        lateral rhinal sulcus
        olfactory peduncle
        medial olfactory tract
        lateral olfactory stria
        piriform lobe
        neocortex
        detailed perception
        learning
        intelligence
        form lobe
      2. basal nuclei
        claustrum
        visual attention
        corpus striatum
        caudate nucleus
        lentiform nuclei
        putamen
        globus pallidus (pallidum)
        amygdala
        negative thought (emotion)
  2. Lateral ventricle
2. Diencephalon
  1. Interbrain
    1. Thalamus
      1. rostral thalamic group
        rostral thalamic nucleus
        limbic system
      2. medial thalamic group
        medial dorsal nucleus
      3. lateral thalamic group
        dorsal tier
        dorsolateral nucleus
        caudolateral nucleus
        ventral tier
        ventral rostral nucleus
        ventral lateral nucleus
        ventral caudal group
        ventral caudal medial nucleus
        linked to CN (cranial n.)
        ventral caudal lateral nucleus
        linked to SN (spinal n.)
      4. caudal thalamic group
        medial geniculate nucleus
        auditory
        vestibular
        lateral geniculate nucleus
        vision
      5. intralaminar-midline thalamic group
        central medial nucleus
        paraventricular nucleus
      6. thalamic reticular nucleus
        ascending activating system (ARAS)
    2. Subthalamus
      1. zona incerta
        suppress ventral caudal thalamic nucleus
        damage : pain
      2. subthalamic nucleus
      3. white matter fields
    3. Metathalamus
      1. lateral geniculate body
        visual pathway
      2. medial geniculate body
        auditory pathway
    4. Epithalamus
      1. pineal gland
        melatonin
        suppress gonadotropin-releasing h.
        promote sleep
      2. habenular
        olfactory relay station
        limbic system
    5. hypothalamus
      1. tuber cinereum
        infundibulum
      2. optic chiasm
      3. mamillary body
  2. 3rd ventricle
Rhombencephalon
1. Metencephalon
  1. Cerebellum
    1. vermis
    2. cerebellar hemisphere
    3. cerebellar nuclei
      1. fastigial
      2. interpositus
      3. dentate
    4. cerebellar peduncle
      1. rostral cerebellar peduncle
        connect midbrain
      2. middle cerebellar peduncle
        connect pons
      3. caudal cerebellar peduncle
        connect medulla oblongata
  2. Pons
    1. parabrachial nuclei
    2. locus ceruleus
      1. release norepinephine : mood, enhance arousal
    3. trigeminal nerve (CN5)
      1. nucleus of spinal tract of V
        pain, รับสัมผัสหยาบบริเวณใบหน้า
      2. pontine sensory nucleus of V
        รับสัมผัสละเอียดบริเวณใบหน้า
      3. nucleus of mesencephalic tract of V
        propioceptive ข้อต่อขากรรไกร
      4. motor nucleus of V
        เลี้ยงกล้ามเนื้อเกี่ยวกับการเคี้ยว
  3. 4th ventricle
2. Myelencephalon
  1. Medulla oblongata
    1. pyramid
      1. corticospinal tract (pyramidal tract)
    2. cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, vasomotor centers, ANS ; breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
    3. trapezoid body
      1. auditory
    4. olivary nucleus
  2. 4th ventricle
3. Spinal cord
  1. central canal
  2. Spinal segment
    1. Cervical segment 1-8
    2. Thoracic segment 1-13
    3. Lumbar segment 1-7
    4. Sacral segment 1-3
      1. Lumbar column 5
    5. Coccygeal 1-5
      1. Lumbar column 6
  3. caudally
    1. conus medullaris
    2. filum terminale
    3. cauda equina
  4. enlargement
    1. cervical enlargement C6-T1
      1. brachial plexus
      2. fasciculus gracilis
      3. fasciculus cuneatus
    2. lumbar enlargement L5-S1
      1. lumbosacral plexus
      2. fasciculus gracilis
  5. spinal root
    1. dorsal root
      1. spinal ganglion
    2. ventral root
  6. spinal reflex
    1. patella reflex
      1. L4 - L6
    2. withdrawal reflex
      1. thoracic limb
        C6 - T1
      2. pelvic limb
        L5 - S1
    3. cutaneous trunci reflex
meninges
1. dura mater
  1. falx ceribri
    1. in longitudinal fissure
  2. tentorium cerebelli
    1. in transverse fissure
2. arachnoid mater
  1. subarachnoid space
    1. contain CSF
3. pia mater

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	Criado por jess_k_turner mais de 9 anos atrás