Tenses

Tenses

Past
1. Past Simple
  1. Use
    1. Actions that happened in the past
      1. Structure
        (+) S + VP (-) S + AUX"DO" IN PAST + NOT + V (?) AUX "DO" IN PAST + S + V + ?
        Examples
        (+) I swam (-) I did not swim (?) Did you swim?
2. Past Continous
  1. Use
    1. Emphasis on the course of an action in the past, particular moment in the past
      1. Structure
        (+) S + AUX "BE" IN PAST + V ing (-) S + AUX"BE" + NOT + V ing (?) AUX "BE" + S + V ing + ?
        Examples
        (+) You were crying / He was crying (-) You were not crying / He was not crying (?) Were you crying? / Was he crying?
3. Past Perfect
  1. Use
    1. Actions in the past before another happend.
      1. Structure
        (+) S + AUX "HAVE" IN PAST + VPP (-) S + AUX "HAVE" IN PAST + NOT + VPP (?) AUX "HAVE" IN PAST + S + VPP + ?
        Examples
        (+) He had eaten (-) He had not eaten (?) Had he eaten?
4. Past Perfect Continous
  1. Use
    1. Actions that were unfinished when another action started
      1. Structure
        (+) S + AUX "HAVE" IN PAST + BEEN + V ing (-) S + HAD + NOT + BEEN + V ing (?) AUX "HAVE" IN PAST + S + BEEN + V ing + ?
        Examples
        (+) I had been running (-) I had not been running (?) Had you been running
Present
1. Present Simple - here we use the verb in simple form but with 3rd person we ad an -s at after the verb
  1. Use
    1. General Information, habits, facts, states, actions taking place one after another
      1. Structure
        (+) S + V/Vs (-) S + DO/DOES + NOT + V (?) DO/DOES + S + V + ?
        Examples
        (+) I work / She works (-) I do not work /She does not work (?) Do you work ? / Does she work ?
2. Present Continous
  1. Use
    1. Action that is happening now, action in the future
      1. Structure
        (+) S + AUX "BE" + V ing (-) S + AUX "BE" + NOT + V ing (?) AUX "BE" + S + V ing + ?
        Examples
        (+) She is dancing (-) She is not dancing (?) Is she dancing?
3. Present Perfect
  1. Use
    1. Emphasis, action that stopped recently or still going on, change
      1. Structure
        (+) S + HAVE + VPP (-) S+ HAVE + NOT + VPP (?) HAVE + S + VPP + ?
        Examples
        (+) She has been to Gto. (-) She has not been to Gto. (?) Has she been to Gto?
4. Present Perfect Continous
  1. Use
    1. Emphasis on the course of an action, action that recently stopped/ still going on/influenced in the present.
      1. Structure
        (+) S + AUX "HAVE" + BEEN + V ing (-) S + AUX "HAVE" + NOT + BEEN + V ing (?) AUX "HAVE" + S + BEEN + V ing + ?
        Examples
        (+) I have been playing / He has been playing (-) I have not been playing / He has not been playing (?) Have you been playing? / Has he been playing?
Future
1. Future Simple 1 and 2
  1. Use
    1. 1 - Action that can not be influenced, spontaneous decision, assumption
      1. Structure 1
        (+) S + AUX "WILL" + V (-) S + AUX"WILL" + NOT + V (?) AUX "WILL" + S + V + ?
        Examples
        (+) I will run (-) I will not run (?) Will you run?
    2. 2 - Decision made for the future, conclusion
      1. Structure 2
        (+) S + AUX "BE" + GOING TO + V (-) S + AUX "BE" + NOT + GOING TO + V (?) AUX"BE" + S + GOING TO + V + ?
        Examples
        (+) He is going to run (-) He is not going to run (?) Is he going to run?
2. Future Contunous
  1. Use
    1. Action that is sure to happen, in a certain time in the future.
      1. Structure
        (+) S + AUX "WILL" + BE + V ing (-) S + AUX "WILL" + NOT + BE + V ing (?) AUX "WILL" +S+ BE+ V ing + ?
        Examples
        (+) He will be doing homework later today (-) He will not be doing homework later today (+) Will he be doing homework later today?
3. Future Perfect
  1. Use
    1. Action in the future before another or to be completed.
      1. Structure
        (+) S + AUX"WILL" + HAVE + VPP (-) S + AUX "WILL" + NOT + HAVE + VPP (?) WILL + S + HAVE + VPP + ?
        Examples
        (+) He will have arrived (-) He will not have arrived (?) Will he have arrived?
4. Future Perfect Continous
  1. Use
    1. Actions that will be unfinished, but have reached a certain stage
      1. Structure
        (+) S + AUX "WILL" + HAVE + BEEN + V ing (-) S + AUX "WILL" + NOT + HAVE + BEEN + V ing (?) AUX "WILL" + S + HAVE + BEEN + V ing + ?
        Examples
        (+) You will have been dancing (-) You will not have been dancing (?) Will you have been dancing
Kathleen M. Johnson, C. C. (2002). Essential English Workbook 1. México D.F.: Comercializadora Projmojol.

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