Tolita: The culture Tolita appeared
Ecuador from 500 B.C until 500 A.C There
are two important settlements of this
culture, the first one is located in the
Tumaco Bay, Colombia, and the other in
the island of La Tolita, Ecuador. On the
Ecuadorian side, we can see lots of
artificial mounds or tolas, as well as
archaeological remains of pottery and gold
work.
Now, with regard to their economic and social
organization, research suggests that the economy of La
Tolita was based on Agriculture: the predominant products
were maize and cassava. Also they practiced hunting and
the extraction of resources of the sea.
Bahia: The Bahía culture developed between 500
BCE–500 CE, it was a pre-Columbian culture in
Ecuador. Bahía culture originated in what is now the
Manabí Province on the Pacific Coast, and spread to
Bahía de Caráquez and to the Andean foothills. Their
ceramic tradition is one of the first found north of the
Andes.
Chirije, a seaport, was a major Bahía
archaeological site discovered by Emilio Estrada in
the 1950s. Merchants traded finished goods and
Spondylus princeps or red spiny oyster shells
south to Chile and north as far as Mexico in
exchange for precious materials such as copper
and gold.
Jama-Coaque: The Jama-Coaque culture inhabited
areas between Cabo San Francisco in Esmeraldas, to
Bahía de Caráquez, in Manabi, in an area of wooded
hills and vast beaches of their immigrant who
facilitated the gathering of resources of both the
jungle and the ocean.
Guangala: The Guangala culture (100 BC - 800 AD) spread
along the beaches and island forms in South Manabi and
in the mayor of the Santa Elena Peninsula. Its main towns
were those at the mouths of rivers . Their technology is
reflected in the construction of barricades or earth dams
to collect water from low rainfall seasons, in order to
irrigate their crops longer.
Napo: The Napo culture (1200 d.C – 1600 d. C) lived on
the banks of the river Napo society like other cultures
hierarchical .It was engaged in ceramics and his
language was Quechua. Their ceramics were bowls ,
jugs , cups , pieces But Featured son funerary urns .
The decoration was polychrome painting ( white, red
and black ) , some cases they ad incisions or excisions.