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Descrição
Mapa Mental por Alicja Klak, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Alicja Klak
quase 2 anos atrás
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5.1 Definitions of Abnormality
- Statistical Infrequency
- Under this definition, a person's trait or
behaviour is classified as abnormal if it
is either rare or statistically unusual.
- E.G IQ. Normally peoples scores will cluster around
an average, this being called normal distribution.
However, not only is it abnormal to have a low
score, but also abnormal to have an unusually high
score.
- Evaluation
- Strengths:
- Real world application. It is useful in clinical
practice. For example a diagnosis of an
intellectual disability disorder requires an IQ of
below 70. Value of statistical infrequency is useful
in diagnostic and assessment procedures.
- Objective. Lacks bias due to clear numbers meaning an
agreed cut-off point can be identified.
- Real world application. It is useful in clinical
practice. For example a diagnosis of an
intellectual disability disorder requires an IQ of
below 70. Value of statistical infrequency is useful
in diagnostic and assessment procedures.
- Weaknesses:
- Unusual characteristics are positive, it fails to distinguish
between desirable and undesirable behaviour. Many gifted
people could be classified as 'abnormal' using this definition.
- Not all people benefit from labels.
- Unusual characteristics are positive, it fails to distinguish
between desirable and undesirable behaviour. Many gifted
people could be classified as 'abnormal' using this definition.
- Strengths:
- Under this definition, a person's trait or
behaviour is classified as abnormal if it
is either rare or statistically unusual.
- Deviation from social norms
- This definitions concerns behaviour
that is different from the accepted
behaviour in society. These social
norms can be explicit or implicit.
- Norms are culture and time specific; there
are relatively few behaviours that would be
considered abnormal worldwide.
- Norms are culture and time specific; there
are relatively few behaviours that would be
considered abnormal worldwide.
- E.G antisocial personality disorder, a type of mental illness in which the sufferer
exhibits aggression and is impulsive and irresponsible. According to DSM-5, a
symptom of apd is 'an absence of prosocial internal standards associated with
failure to conform to lawful and culturally normative ethical behaviour'.
- Evaluation
- Strengths:
- Comprehensive. It covers a broad range of criteria,
making it a good tool for thinking about mental health.
- Real world application. Used in
clinical practice, for example in the
diagnosis of schizotypal personality
disorder.
- Comprehensive. It covers a broad range of criteria,
making it a good tool for thinking about mental health.
- Weaknesses:
- Cultural relativism. It varies
between different cultures and
situations. E.G in the UK hearing
voices would be seen as
abnormal, yet in some countries
it is the norm.
- May lead to human rights abuses. Cn carry the risk
of unfair labelling and leave them open to human
rights abuses. E.G nymphomania, a woman's
uncontrollable and excessive sexual desire, has
been used to control and oppress women.
- Cultural relativism. It varies
between different cultures and
situations. E.G in the UK hearing
voices would be seen as
abnormal, yet in some countries
it is the norm.
- Strengths:
- This definitions concerns behaviour
that is different from the accepted
behaviour in society. These social
norms can be explicit or implicit.
- Failure to function adequately (FFA)
- Failure to function adequately, or FFA,
refers to abnormality that prevents
coping with ordinary demands of
day-to-day life, for example getting
out of bed or holding down a job.
- Rosenham and Seigman proposed that it can be determined when someone
is not coping by looking at: whether they experience severe distress,
whether they are irrational or dangerous to themselves, or if they no longer
conform to standard interpersonal rules.
- Rosenham and Seigman proposed that it can be determined when someone
is not coping by looking at: whether they experience severe distress,
whether they are irrational or dangerous to themselves, or if they no longer
conform to standard interpersonal rules.
- Evaluation
- Strengths:
- Includes the patients
perspective. Acknowledges
the experience of the
patient and matches the
sufferers' perceptions.
- Represents a threshold to help. Whilst
most people experience symptoms of a
mental disorder to some degree, it
tends to be only at the point when
someone isnt coping that they reach
out for help. The criteria means that
treatment can be targeted at those who
need it.
- Includes the patients
perspective. Acknowledges
the experience of the
patient and matches the
sufferers' perceptions.
- Weaknesses:
- Easy to label a non-standard lifestyle as
abnormal. People who make unusual choices
may be at risk of being labelled as abnormal
and having their freedom restricted.
- Cultural relativism.
- Easy to label a non-standard lifestyle as
abnormal. People who make unusual choices
may be at risk of being labelled as abnormal
and having their freedom restricted.
- Strengths:
- Failure to function adequately, or FFA,
refers to abnormality that prevents
coping with ordinary demands of
day-to-day life, for example getting
out of bed or holding down a job.
- Deviation from ideal mental health
- Marie Jahoda (1958) suggested that there be 6
criteria necessary for ideal mental health, and an
absence of these would indicate an abnormality.
- No symptoms or distress.
Rational and can perceive
themselves accurately.
Self-actualise. Cope with
stress. Realistic pov.
Good self esteem, lack
guilt. Independent. Work,
love and enjoy leisure.
- No symptoms or distress.
Rational and can perceive
themselves accurately.
Self-actualise. Cope with
stress. Realistic pov.
Good self esteem, lack
guilt. Independent. Work,
love and enjoy leisure.
- Evaluation
- Strengths:
- Comprehensive definition.
Includes a range of criteria,
covering most of the
reasons why someone
would seek help. Provides a
checklist against which we
can assess ourselves.
- Comprehensive definition.
Includes a range of criteria,
covering most of the
reasons why someone
would seek help. Provides a
checklist against which we
can assess ourselves.
- Weaknesses:
- May be culturally bound. Western ideology, what
defines success in one culture might not do so for
other cultures.
- May be culturally bound. Western ideology, what
defines success in one culture might not do so for
other cultures.
- Strengths:
- Marie Jahoda (1958) suggested that there be 6
criteria necessary for ideal mental health, and an
absence of these would indicate an abnormality.
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