chapter 7 context and inference

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Mapa Mental sobre chapter 7 context and inference, criado por Fernanda Méndez em 31-10-2015.
Fernanda Méndez
Mapa Mental por Fernanda Méndez, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Fernanda Méndez
Criado por Fernanda Méndez aproximadamente 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

chapter 7 context and inference
  1. semantics
    1. is the study of conventional linguistic meaning.
    2. pragmatics
      1. Is the study of how hearers, have to combine semantic knowledge with other types of knowledge and make inferences in order to interpret a speaker meaning
      2. deixis
        1. social deixis
          1. Social deixis concerns the social information that is encoded within various expressions, such as relative social status and familiarity
          2. spatial deixis
            1. concerns itself with the spatial locations relevant to an utterance
            2. person
              1. Person deixis concerns itself with the grammatical persons involved in an utterance
            3. short hands
              1. Much of reference involves reliance on context, together with some calculation of the part of the speaker and the hearers.
              2. knowledge as context
                1. a speaker choosing how to make reference to an entity must take estimations of what her hearers know.
                2. discourse as context
                  1. in conversing, participants construct a notion of what the discourse is about
                  2. background kowledge as context
                    1. the knowledge a speaker might calculate other would have before, or independently of, a particular conversation, by virtue of membership in a community
                    2. mutual knowledge
                      1. One important point about this background knowledge is that while the speaker makes guesses about the knowledge her listeners have, there is no certainty. It is probably a mistake to identify this background knowledge with mutual knowledge.
                      2. inference
                        1. Is an special sub-type of coreference, a referential relation between expressions where they both refer to the same entity.
                        2. conversational implicature
                          1. approach to the speaker’s and hearer’s cooperative use of inference. There seems to be enough regularity in the inference-forming behavior of listeners for speakers to exploit this by implying something, rather than stating in

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