communicating functions involves the speaker in a coordinated activity with other language users
context dependence
institutional facts
Many speech acts rely on social conventions to support them. Every society has procedures and
ceremonies where some participants’ words carry a special function
local context
a utterance may signal one speech act in one situation and another elsewhere
REPRESENTATIVES: which commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition DIRECTIVES: which
are attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do something COMMISSIVES: which commit the
speaker to some future course of action DECLARATIONS: which effect immediate changes in the
institutional state of affairs and which tend to rely on elaborate extra linguistic institution
bet
only comes into existence when two or more parties interact.
Conversational Analysis.- Studies in the discourse analysis approach
performative utterance
Sentences that were in themselves a kind of action. A speaker makes a promise rather than just
describing one.
expliciti performance
Tend to be with as simple present.
Describing verbal activities.
impliciti performance
Could be marked, including the mood of the verb, auxiliar verbs, intonation, etc.
the facets of speech acts
locutionary
the speaker says something
illocutinonary
the speaker signals an associated speech act
prelocutionary
the speech act causes an effect on the listeners or participants