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4048293
The Protists
Descrição
microbiology- the protists
Sem etiquetas
protozoa
algae
slime molds
Mapa Mental por
fidafid96
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
fidafid96
mais de 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
The Protists
Distribution
Chemoorganotrophic-recycling nitrogen and phosphorus
Terrestrial & planktonic forms
Parasitic forms cause disease
Grow in a wide variety of moist habitats
Morphology
Pellicle – support
Cytoplasm subdivided into outer gelatinous ectoplasm & inner fluid region (endoplasm)
Plasma membrane similar to multicellular plants/animals
Vacuoles
Contracile (maintain osmoregulation)
Phagocytic (ingestion of food)
Energy production
Photosynthetic protists (*chloroplasts & mitochondria)
Aerobic chemoorganotrophic protists (*mitochondria)
Cilia/ Flagella- motility/feeding
Nutrition
Protozoa- Chemorganotrophic protists
Saprophytes (nutrients from dead organic matter)
Osmotrophy (absorb soluble products)
Holozoic nutrition (solid nutrients- phagocytosis)
Photoautotrophic protists
Strict anaerobes
Photosynthesis I & II
Mixotrophic protists
Organic and inorganic carbon compounds used simultaneously
Reproductive cells & structures
Asexual (binary fission)
Sexual (fusion of gametes in syngamy process)
PROTOZOA
Different from…
Slime mold (lack of fruiting body)
Yeast & Fungi (by their motility & lack of cell wall)
Prokaryotes (relatively larger, eukaryote)
Algae (no chlorophyll)
Structure
Unicellular, eukaryote
Predatory / parasitic
Some are pathogenic
Colourless & motile
Found in water & soil
Nutrition
Dinoflagellates & Euglenoids (capable of photosynthesis)
Foods are obtained through
Ingestion
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Absorption
Mostly are aerobic heterotrophs, some are capable of anaerobic growth
Diversity
Microscopic (10-200 micrometer)
Occur singly or in colonies
Some are capable of encystment
May be housed in a shell (lorica) eg: foraminiferans
May be parasitic (Trypanasoma) / symbiotic (Joenia)
May or may not be pigmented
Swim freely/ in contact with a substratum / be sedentary
Major groups in Protozoa
Archaezoa
Free living
Parasitic / Pathogenic
Trypanosome gambiense
Flagellated (2 or more)
Freshwater
Move in a whiplike manner
African sleeping sickness in human
Rhizopoda
Amoebas
Phagocytosis- obtain food
Movement-pseudopoda
Cause amobic dysentery in human
Eg: Amoeba histolytics
Habitat- freshwater, marine
Ciliophora
Possess cilia
Presence of gullet/cytosome- ingestion
Balantidium coli- human parasite (Dysentery)
Habitat- freshwater/marine
Best known- paramecium
Nuclei
Micronucleus (inheritance & sexual reproduction)
Macronucleus (production of mRNA)
Apicomplexa
Not motile in mature form
Obligate parasites
Complex life cycle- transmission between several hosts
Plasmodium vivas – causing malaria
Taxoplasma- causing taxoplasmosis
Algae
Characteristics
Naked reproduction structure
Asexual (all)
Sexual (some)
Mostly photoautotrophic
Contain chlorophyll
Has a simple morphological construction
Requires water
Habitat
Aquatic habitat-fresh water, marine & brackish
Few in dry soils
Acidic habitat
Mostly in moist soils & artificial aquatic habitat
Motility
If motile, due to flagella
Single flagella- Euglena
2/4 polar flagella- Chlorophyta
Non-motile in vegetative stage & form motile gametes only during sexual reproduction
Distribution
Terrestrial (moist rocks, trees, soils)
Primarily aquatic
3 types
Benthic
Planktonic
Neustonic
Reproduction
Sexual ( Oogonia, Anthredia)
Asexual
Fragmentation
Spores
Binary fission
Ecology
Seaweed- provide habitat, human food
Macroscopic form (phytoplankton- food base for marine food chains)
Primary producers of the oceans
Production of neurotoxins
Algal bloom
Taxonomy
Rhodophyta
Reddish colour
Chlorophylls a & d, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin
Red pigment absorb blue light
Store glucose polymers
Chrysophyta
Important in global carbon cycling
Store oil
Chlorophylls a & c
Unicellular
Golden-brown algae
Phaephyta
Brownish colour
Chlorophylls a & c, xantophylls
Macroscopic
Store carbohydrate
Chlorophyta
Chlorophyll a & b
Cellulose cell walls
Store glucose polymers
Green algae
Pyrrophyta
Unicellular plankton
Brownish
Store starch
Cause ‘red tides’- gives ocean a deep red colour
Some produce neurotoxins
Chlorophylls a & c
Euglenophyta
Green colour
Chlorophylls a & b, carotene
Store glucose polymers
Rigid plasma membrane (pellicle)
No sexual reproduction
Slime molds
Resemble fungi in appearance & life style
Three division
Acrasiomycota (Cellular slime molds)
Individual amoeboid cells (unicellular)
Feed phagocytically
Divide by mitosis and cytokinesis
Myxomycota (Plasmodial slime molds)
Phagocytosized dead material
Saprophytes
Multinucleated
Lack cell wall
Glistening, viscous masses of slime
Peronosporomycetes (water molds)
Some grow in cottony masses on dead algae & animals
Some parasites of fish gills
Plant disease (blue mold & Irish potato blight)
Egg fungi- diploid & no chitin in cell wall
Distribution & Function of Molds
Engulf bacteria as predator
As decomposers & consumer in the ecosystem
Recycling of nutrients
Cause disease in plants (tobacco plants, potatoes, grapes)
Moist terrestrial habitats (e.g. soil, decaying wood, dung)
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