the cognitive approach to explaining depression

Beck
1. why are some people more vulnerable to depression
  1. people's cognitions
    1. faulty info processing
      1. focus on negatives, ignore positives
      2. blow problems out of proportion
      3. black & white thinking
      4. glass half empty
    2. negative self schemas
      1. package of info about ourselves
        negative = interpret info about ourselves negatively
    3. the negative triad
      1. view of the world
        no hope in the world
      2. view of future
        reduce hopefulness & enhance depression
      3. view of self
        confirm low emotions
        low self esteem
Ellis
1. depression is a result of irrational thinking
  1. thoughts interfere with us being happy
2. ABC model
  1. A - activating event
    1. irrational thoughts are triggered
      1. failing a test
  2. B - beliefs
    1. irrational beliefs
      1. never going to pass
  3. C - consequences
    1. emotional & behavioural consequences
      1. never get a job - life over
evaluation - Beck
1. good supporting evidence
  1. from faulty info processing to negative self schemas
    1. Terry - looked at likelihood of post natal depression
    2. Clark & Beck - reviewed research on cognitions causing depression
2. practical application - CBT
  1. forms basis of CBT
  2. all cognitive aspects can be identified and challenged in CBT
  3. strength - successful in therapy
3. doesn't explain all aspects
  1. basic symptoms (depression complex)
  2. can't explain
    1. hallucinations/ bizarre beliefs
    2. anger
evaluation - Ellis
1. partial explanation
  1. only applies to some kinds of depression
    1. following activating events (reactive depression)
2. practical applications in CBT
  1. successful therapy
    1. by challenging irrational beliefs
  2. supports as agrees with irrational beliefs
3. doesn't explain all aspects
  1. can't explain anger or hallucinations
evaluation +
1. cognitive primacy
  1. emotions are influenced by cognitions
    1. not always
      1. emotion stored until some time after the activating event
2. attachment & depression
  1. insecure attachments
    1. more vulnerable to depression

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the cognitive approach to explaining depression

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