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Imaging techniques
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Mapa Mental sobre Imaging techniques, criado por EllieMolly em 02-02-2016.
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applied science as
Mapa Mental por
EllieMolly
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Imaging techniques
X-rays
High frequency, high energy radio waves
They pass through most soft tissues of the body but are absorbed by bone
The x-ray source is placed as close to the patients injury as possible
A piece of unexposed film is placed underneath the injury
A short burst of x-rays are fired onto the injured area
The film is developed. This turns the x-ray black
Dark grey shows fat
Black shows gas/ air
Light grey shows muscle/ soft tissue
White shows bone
Bright white shows metal
Safety precautions
1. Protective screens made of lead
2. Lead shield used to cover and protect organs
3. Limit on the amount of x-rays per person
4. Only x-ray the injured area
Advantages
1. Clear pictures
2. Relatively cheap
3. Quick and simple
Disadvantages
1. High dosages of radiation may lead to radiation poisoning/ cancer
2. Can't identify soft tissue injuries
3. There is a limit on the amount you can have
CT or CAT scans
Computed tomography or computed axial tomography
Uses x-ray protons to produce an image
Difference: detectors and florescent screen rotate around patient
The rotate around the gantry and scan the patient in a helical pattern
The image and information is interpreted by a computer software
This provides the radiographer with a detailed 3D image
Advantages
provides a large amount of detailed data
Can be used to look inside the body
Internal organs, blood vessels, bones and brain
Presents images in "slices" through the body
Disadvantages
More expensive than x-rays
Higher effective dose than x-rays
Requires a cooperative/ sedated patient
Ultra sound scan
Frequency of 2-20MHz
Transmitted and received via a probe
The probe contains a transducer
This acts as a "loud speaker" and "microphone"
Waves are reflected by tissues depending on their density
Gel is used to prevent reflection at the surface
The reflected wave signals are converted to an image
Advantages
1. cheaper than other imaging techniques
2. Non-ionising radiation
3. Non invasive
4. Good soft tissue resolution
Disadvantages
1. Nothing can be seen behind bone
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
A non-ionising radiation imaging technique
The MRI scanner applies magnetic field which causes H atoms to align with it
A radio frequency (RF) pulse is applied at right angles to the magnetic field
This causes the H atoms to gain energy and spin in the same direction
(Synchronously)
The H atoms are described as being "in phase"
When the RF pulse finishes two things happen:
First they give out energy to the surroundings
Secondly they go "out of phase" and spin asynchronously
Energy given out is detected and interpreted by computer software
Producing in a highly detailed image
Advantages
1. Non-ionising
2. Highly detailed images
3. Useful for soft tissue imaging
Brain, spinal cord, bones, joints, breasts, blood vessels, internal organs such as the liver, womb or prostate gland
Disadvantages
1. Very expensive
2. Cant be used on patients with metal implants
3. Cant be performed on claustrophobic or obese patients
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