has the
properties of
a solid, but
can flow very
slowly
Core
made from
liquid nickel and
iron
why is there less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis - trees
Plates
South
American
Plate
Indian Plate
Australian
Plate
Indo-Australian
Plate
Antarctic
Plate
African
Plate
Eurasian
Plate
North
American
Plate
Pacific
Plate
Wegener, first
came up with the
idea of the plates
and the continental
drift
Atomic structures
-ane
Single
bonds
-ene
Double
bonds
Atomic structure + Periodic Table
Nucleus - protons+neutrons
positive+negative
shells - electrons - negative
no. of protons=no. of electrons
top number = mass no. (Atomic mass)(No. of protons+neutons
bottom number = Atomic No. (proton No.)
1st shell only holds 2 electrons
2nd and all others hold up to 8
everything in group 1 has 1 electrons in the outer shell
everything in group 2 has 2 electrons in the outer shell
etc.
Ionic bonding
Ionic compounds have high
melting and boiling points
because of the many strong
electrostatic forces of
attraction between oppositely
charged ions in the giant
lattice.
Ionic compounds will
conduct electricity when
molten or in solution
because the ions are able to
move freely around in the
liquids
Ionic compounds are
held together by strong
forces of attraction
between the oppositely
charged ions
The structure of ionic
lattices is investigated
by passing X-rays
through them.
Covalent
Bonding
When two atoms share
electrons to create a full
shell
For example, an
Oxygen atom would
share two atoms to
two Hydrogen atoms